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Transcript: Go on Exchange present your country abroad Work with different mentalities Diversity Explore different cultures Be a Member Develop your skills Have an impact Enrich your knowledge AIESEC Be a Leader Lead your team Achieve your vision Coach others Be a mentor EXPERIENCE YOUR AIESEC JOURNEY Gives you a great experience

Ocean acidification background

Transcript: Ethan Brown ocean acidification Ocean acidification is the possess by which carbon dioxide is dissolved into the ocean decreasing the pH of ocean water. Ocean life all over the globe is suffering because of this, think of the dying great barrier reef. Introduction introduction questions questions Many organisms on earth release CO2 as a byproduct of respiration. CO2 is also produced by man made things like cars, and power plants. How do organisms on Earth produce CO2? HOW and WHY does this CO2 get absorbed into our oceans? What changes does our oceans undergo because it absorbs excess amounts of CO2? What is the carbon cycle? What effect does CO2 in our oceans have on pH? How does the addition of CO2 disrupt the ocean’s equilibrium? works cited https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F works cited

Ocean acidification background

Transcript: Ocean Acidification Background How do organisms on earth produce Co2? How do organisms on earth produce Co2? By burning fossil fuels Humans burn many fossil fuels on a daily basis which come from gas,oil and coal The burning of these fossil feuls are responsible for 87% of human Co2 emissions Burning of fossil fuels realese energy but Co2 also gets produced as a byproduct. By burning fossil fuels How has the amount of Co2 increased over the last ... How has the amount of Co2 increased over the last 20 years? The amount of Co2 in the atmosphere has drastical... The amount of Co2 in the atmosphere has drastically increased over the past 20 years which has caused the oceans acidity level to rise as well.This has caused many changes in the atmosphere as in how much Carbon certain things can take in and give off. How and why does Co2 get absorbed into the ocean? How and why does Co2 get absorbed into the ocean? Carbon is stored in the ocean as a part of the carbon cycle th... Carbon is stored in the ocean as a part of the carbon cycle this happens because all of the Co2 that organisms are giving off has to be stored somewhere and unfortunetly because there has been an increase in Co2 emissions the ocean has to intake some of the Co2. What changes do the oceans undergo because th... What changes do the oceans undergo because they absorb excess amounts of Co2? One of the most drastic changes that the oceans has to ... One of the most drastic changes that the oceans has to go through is the raising of it's acidity level which sends a threat to the fish and other animals in the ocean.This puts the dynamic equilibrium off balance because there is too much Co2 coming in to the ocean and not enough being released.The increase of Co2 in the ocean has been known to cause higher water temperatures. What effect does Co2 in our oceans have on PH? What effect does Co2 in our oceans have on PH? Ph is the measure of the hydrogen i... Ph is the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution which consist of acids(0-7) and bases(7-14). The oceans ph is averaging 8.2 ph units According to national geographic the oceans take in about 1/3 of human created Co2 emissions which is about 22 million tons each day. If these emissions continue at the rate they are going the oceans ph could be reduced by 0.5 units. Many fish can be put in danger because of the unusual level of ocean acidity. If the ocean coninues to absorb this much Co2 it's capacity will soon diminish. What is the carbon cycle? What is the carbon cycle? The carbon cycle is the circulation of co2 between living organisms The carbon cycle is related to the additional Co2 in the atmosphere because there are certain organisms that grow and decompose quickly and give of lots of Co2. A lot of the carbon that is on earth goes through the carbon cycle very quickly. The carbon cycle is the circulation of co2 betwe... How does the addition of Co2 disrupt the ocean's equilibrium? How does the addition of Co2 disrupt the ocean... When the ocean has to store more Co2 it takes more time to reach equilibrium. It usually takes a long time for the ocean to cycle carbon back into the atmosphere Le Châtelier's principle is working because because the Co2 is being exchanged and trying to maintain balance. When the ocean has to store more Co2 it tak... “Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions.” What's Your Impact, 8 July 2017, whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/carbon-dioxide-emissions. “Climate Science Glossary.” Skeptical Science, www.skepticalscience.com/The-CO2-Temperature-correlation-over-the-20th-Century.html. Photograph by Cassie Jensen, National Geographic Your Shot. “Ocean Acidification.” National Geographic, 18 July 2017, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/oceans/critical-issues-ocean-acidification/. What is pH, academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/ph_def.htm. Tribal Energy and Environmental Information Clearinghouse (TEEIC) Home Page, teeic.indianaffairs.gov/er/carbon/carboninfo/cycle. Citations Citations

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Transcript: 14th Week Consulting interns can be expensive Time and Money Personal Experience Preliminary Design Stage NFPA 101 and NFPA 13 New and Existing Education, Business, and Mercantile Definition of Project This app would be used to provide interns and recent graduates with an outline of guidelines for how to design and review designs of specific occupancies. With the given time frame, I will be writing the information that will go into the app Begin parametric study: Speak with my mentor and Jason to understand more about what critical variables I could concentrate on for this app. Choose those parameters and begin my study Gather information from NFPA 101 and NFPA 13 for new and existing education, business, and mercantile occupancies. By: Breanne Thompson Next Steps (Continued) Finish preparing for Draft of Analysis Pull together and discuss results of project Draw my conclusions and state future work needed Turn in Final Paper! 10th and 11th Week Turn in my parametric study Begin draft of analysis Map out the process of the app for the key elements 15th Week References Next Steps 7th Week Prepare for Final Presentation Summarize my draft of analysis into presentation Work on how to incorporate a live demonstration for my presentation App Development Background Information 8th-9th Week Continuous Process Objective-C for Apple products Java for Android products 6 months of studying Places to Learn: Codecademy, iOS Dev Center, Android Developers Training Hire App Developer will cost thousands Prepare Final Paper Dive into Shark Tank! 1. http://lifehacker.com/5401954/programmer-101-teach-yourself-how-to-code 2. http://www.bluecloudsolutions.com/blog/cost-develop-app/ 6th Week Background Presentation 12th-13th Week

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Transcript: Real action and accountability Amnesty International Non-state actors/ Rebel Groups?? ...and what about men?? ignoring male rape victims? would rape exist without a man? Weapons of War: Rape UN as an Arena - NGO's - Discussion and dialogue Arena Instrument Actor Critical Thinking Weapons of War: Rape UN as an instrument UNSC Resolution 1820 (2008) UN as an Actor - UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict Weapons of War: Rape Problems with 1820 "Roles and Functions of International Organizations" "Sexual violence, when used as a tactic of war in order to deliberately target civilians or as a part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian populations, can significantly exacerbate situations of armed conflict and may impede the restoration of international peace and security… effective steps to prevent and respond to such acts of sexual violence can significantly contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security" (UNSC Resolution 1820, p. 2)" http://www.stoprapenow.org/uploads/advocacyresources/1282164625.pdf Background Presentation- Kristin Mann Weapons of War: Rape Brief Insight - used to manipulate social control - destabilize communities - weaken ethnic groups and identities Examples: - Sudanese Militia - Rwanda Genocide - DRC Critical Thinking http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/the-need-for-numbers-on-rape-in-warand-why-theyre-nearly-impossible-to-get Critical Thinking Increased Data Collection by international organizations - determine humanitarian responses - ensures justice and reparation - provides recognition and dignity

ocean acidification background

Transcript: Created by Destini Perkins Ocean Acidification How Organisms are producing C02 on Earth How Organisms are producing C02 on Earth As we know CO2 comes from the burning of fossil fuels. One way we are producing CO2 is through Industrial Agriculture. The US food system contrubutes about 20 perecent of the nations CO2 emissions. Over the past 20 years the amount of carbon dioxide has steadily increased and has hit its record high. HOW and WHY does CO2 get absorbed into our oceans? HOW and WHY does CO2 get absorbed into our oceans? The atomosphere that carries carbon dioxide, slowley, but surely dissolves the CO2 in the surface waters of the ocean. Some of CO2 stays as a dissolved gas as well reacting with H20 to form carbonic acid. Gas is a main factor contributing to CO2 entering the ocean. What changes do the oceans undergo because they absorb excess amounts of CO2? What changes do the oceans undergo because they abso... Changes tat the ocean undergos from absorbing excess amounts of CO2 is put into the oceans carbon balance. Weak acids and bases exchange hydrogenions in seawater, which are responsible for controlling the oceans pH. this ties into the oceans dynamic equilibrium because of the amount of acids and bases need to meet at equlibrium. yes, these changes caused an increase in temperature. What effect does CO2 in our oceans have on pH? What effect does CO2 in our oceans have on pH? CO2 changes the oceans ph and disrupting the oceans eqilibrium by unbalancing the bases and acids. The effect of the CO2 in the ocean is slowly killing off small living organisms at the bottom of the sea. ex): coral, mussles etc... There is no "healthy" amount of CO2, these organisms are living in dead zones with little oxygen and cannot survive. pH= a figure expressing the acidity or alkainty of a soulution on a scale. 7 being neutral, lowest being more acidic while higher meaning alkaline/basic. To calculate the pH you start at neutral and add or deduct CO2 from the concentration. Carbon cycle consists of carbon compounds within the enviroment involving photosynthesis and returning to the atmosphere through respiration decay of dead organisms and burning of dead fossil fuels. This cycle is related to our atmosphere because carbon intertwines with plants. Once plants die they are burried carrying the CO2 which we later burn the fossil fuels from the plants. What is the Carbon Cycle? What is the Carbon Cycle? Le Chatelier principle intertwinds with the disrupt of the oceans equilibrium because of the conditions' "increase of CO2". These conditions are unstabilizing the equilibrium state. This is causing the pH change and unstability in the ocean. Carbonic acid is a crical part to the oceans equalibrium; which is divided within two parts (Solubility of Calcium Carbonate & Dependent Carbonate Equilibrium). Carbonic acid is formed when atmospheric CO2 is dissolved in water which is disrupting the oceans equilibrium. How does the addition of CO2 disrupt the ocean’s equilibrium? How does the addition of CO2 disrupt the ocean’s equilibrium? www.treehugger.com www.sciencelearning.org ocean.si.edu https://eo.ucar.edu Citations Citations

Background Presentation

Transcript: Death rate 2012: 12.84 deaths/1,000 population (World ranking: 22) Infant (Child Mortality) Total: 79.02 deaths/1,000 live births (world ranking: 10) HIV/AIDS (2) Appropriate Technology Landlocked country Great African Rift Valley system: East – Lake Malawi South – mountains, tropical palm-lined beaches Mainly a large plateau, with some hills Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) Almost 1 million people have AIDS 60% of these are female Declining in urban areas, Rising in rural areas Leading cause of death amongst adults Contributes to the low life expectancy: 54.2 years 209th ranking (One of the lowest) 500,000 children have been orphaned due to AIDs Micro-finance Policy Framework and Strategies (Health SWAp) increasing the availability and accessibility of antenatal services; utilization of skilled health personnel during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period at all levels of the health system; strengthening the capacity of individuals and institutions to improve maternal and neonatal health; increasing the number of skilled health personnel; constructing and upgrading health facilities to offer essential health services particularly focusing on rural and underserved areas; and provision of ARVs and micronutrients during pregnancy. Geography of Malawi CCST 9004 Appropriate Technology for the Developing World Indicator 3: Literacy Rate of 15 – 24 year-olds According to the World Bank, microfinance is defined as: Microfinance is the provision of financial services to the entrepreneurial poor.This definition has two important features:it emphasizes a range of financial services—not just credit— and it emphasizes the entrepreneurial poor. Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Appropriate Technology: SIRDAMAIZE 113 Population: 16,777,547 (estimated in July 2013) Population growth rate: 2.758% (2012 est.) (World ranking: 18) Age structure Children: 50% of total population HIV/AIDS Human Resources Education Poverty Food Insecurity Erratic Rainfall Patterns/Droughts Corruption Lack of Foreign Investment Languages Indicator 5: Proportion of seats held by women in National Parliaments Central Region: 1-9 (Yellow) *Capital: Lilongwe Northern Region: 10-15 (Red) Southern Region: 16-27 (Green) Lake Malawi (Blue) Land surface area 45,747 square miles Challenges: · shortage of qualified primary school teachers; · inadequate physical infrastructure; · poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight; · high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leadinto absenteeism, especially among girls who take care of the sick · Poverty levels are high in rural areas. Malawi – Climate/Agriculture Trading partners: South Africa, Zambia, China, US Challenges: · shortage of qualified primary school teachers; · inadequate physical infrastructure; · poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight; · high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leading to absenteeism especially among girls who take care of the sick; and · poor participation of school committees and their communities in school management. · Poverty levels are high in rural areas. 1 Doctor per 50,000 people Hinders the ability to deliver medical services to people in need Reason: Emigration Lack of access to education Aggravated by AIDS > 4 nurses are lost each month This also affects other sectors: Government Business Farmers Human Resources HIV/AIDS - Contemporary GDP: US $14.58 billion (2012 est.) (World ranking: 142) Labor force: agriculture: 90%; industry and services: 10% (2003 est.) Countries main income Agriculture Main crops: maize, tobacco, tea, sugar cane, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, coffee, and rice Industry: tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods Challenges: limited capacity in terms of human and material resources to facilitate adult literacy and continuing education; early marriages perpetuated by socioeconomic factors; socio–cultural factors that make people believe that men should be leaders while women are followers; and, poor learning environment which affects girls in primary and secondary schools e.g. sanitary facilities, long distances to education facilities, extra burden from domestic chores especially for adolescent girls resulting into high dropout rate. 1964: Independent from Britain Indicator 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio Malawi Demographics Problems - Outline Indicator 4: Share of Women in Wage Employment in the Non- Agriculture Sector measure of employment opportunities ( i.e equal proportions of men and women in formal employment) Yet, more women participate in the agriculture sector than in the formal wage employment especially in jobs that require professional qualifications. Due to: literacy levels, gender disparity and cultural values. Facts About the Product: Drought tolerant maize variant Able to mature under limited rainfall Suitable for marginal rainfall areas 136 days to mature Normally: 150 – 180 days Able to mature under limited rainfall Suitable for marginal rainfall areas

Ocean Acidification Background

Transcript: By: McKenzie Bruno Ocean Acidification Background How do humans on earth produce CO2? 1 Humans and animals naturally produce CO2 through respiration. Cells in plants and animals release CO2 and H2O in the process of breaking down nutrients and O2. According to the U.K. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, "this accounts for 28.56% of natural emissions" (Denmen) or 220 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions each year . 2 How and Why is CO2 absorbed into our oceans? The oceans absorb around 25% of carbon emissions produced by humans burning fossil fuels (Stoller-Conrad). There are many factors that can effect how much CO2 the ocean absorbs, these are: temperature, salinity and depth. Cold water holds more gas, less salty water holds more gas and deep/high pressure water can hold more gas. What changes do the oceans undergo because they absorb excess amounts of CO2? 3 The ocean is now 25% more acidic than it was prior to the Industrial Revolution. This increased acidity is due to carbon reacting with the ocean and it's elements. "Le Chatelier’s principle applied to reaction shows that increasing CO2 favors the forward reaction, increasing the HCO3– and H+ concentrations" (NA). Le Chatelier's principle also shows a reverse reaction which is decreacing CaCO3. What effect does CO2 have on our ocean? 4 Carbonic acid is formed when CO2 is dissolved into the ocean therefore increasing oceans pH. The ocean's increased acidity causes mussels, sea urchins, and crabs start to dissolve their protective shells to counter the elevated acidity (EPA). This chain reaction is killing lots of marine life and in turn destroying the food chain. What is the Carbon Cycle? 5 "Carbon flows between each reservoir in an exchange called the carbon cycle, which has slow and fast components" (Riebeek). There are two sides of the carbon cycle, the fast and slow cycle. The slow cycle latsa around 100-200 million years and is movement between rock, soil, ocean and atmosphere. While the fast cycle isn't necessarily what we consider to be fast, it is much faster than the slow cycle in that it only takes about one lifespan to complete. How does the addition of CO2 disrupt the ocean's equilibrium? 6 The addition of CO2 is necessary in the ocean however too much carbon being added is now the problem earth is facing. In the past, the ocean has been able to balance out the elements in this equation: CO2 + H2O <> H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3– <> 2 H+ + CO32– (Gutowska). However, now that there is even more CO2 being absorbed by the ocean the equilibrium that was held before is now unsustainable hence the fatal decrease in pH. The purpose of the lab is to help the students understand ocean acidification and it's effects on the oceans and marine life. Purpose Brewer, P. G. (2008, September 01). Rising Acidity in the Ocean: The Other CO 2 Problem. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rising-acidity-in-the-ocean/ Effects of Ocean and Coastal Acidification on Marine Life. (2016, December 21). Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://www.epa.gov/ocean-acidification/effects-ocean-and-coastal-acidification-marine-life Gutowska. (2016). When carbonate formation loses equilibrium « World Ocean Review. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/ocean-chemistry/acidification/when-carbonate-formation-loses-equilibrium/ Jensen, C. (2017, April 27). Ocean Acidification. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/oceans/critical-issues-ocean-acidification/ Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions. (2017, July 08). Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/carbon-dioxide-emissions#footnoteref4_7o0klo6 Ocean Chemistry. (2015, November 24). Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/oceanchemistry.html Ocean dissolved gases. (2010, June 22). Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/688-ocean-dissolved-gases Riebeek, H. (2008, June 30). The Ocean's Carbon Balance : Feature Articles. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OceanCarbon/ Work Cited

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