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DNA Presentation

Transcript: DNA Day DNA Day is when students, teachers and the public can learn more about genetics. The day commemorates the completion of the Human Genome Project that occured in April, 2003 and the discovery of DNA's double helix. NHGRI celebrated National DNA Day on April 23, 2010 DNA Day is thought to be celebration internationally. People's fitness and nutrition play a role in their DNA because their choices affect their traits, which could be passed down to an offspring. More about DNA Day... DNA is important to society because it exposes education audiences to the importance of genetics. It also celebrates our knowledge of Human Genetics. In Hawai'i students do activities on DNA Day that help them understand genetics. They call it DNA (Activity) Day. Human Genome Project The HGP had a goal to learn more about Human genetics such as: Identify the 20,000-25,000 genes found in Human DNA Determine the sequence nitrogen base pairs found in DNA Store information found in databases Improve tools for data analysis Addresses the ethical, legal, and social issues. It is important because it completed most of our knowledge about human genetics, which is important to medical and scientific research. Genetic Code Manipulation Genetic code can be manipulated by genetic engineering; which involves alteration of an individual's genotype by replacing a fragment of their DNA with a desired trait. DNA can be manipulated to improve human condition by altering the structure and characteristics of the genes directly. For example, you can take a defected gene and replace it with a desired gene. Genetic engineering can be used to cure things such as cystic fibrosis, but replacing the affected cell with a better one Ethical Issues Involved with Genetic Engineering The issues brought up when discussing genetic engineering are: Individuality is being forgotten Health risks Long term effects on the environment Inflicting pain on patients New physical or behavioral traits may not be readily distinguished from what is percieved to be "human" Personal, social, cultural consequences A big ethical debate is that crossing species is unnatural, immoral and violation of God's Laws. Mutations and Diversity Mutations are a chemical change in a gene resulting in a new allele, ot s change in a portion of a chromosome that regulates the gene: in either case the change is hereditary.Genetic mutations create variation within a population; variation creates diversity which is key to evolution. The difference between mutations that are expressed and aren't expressed is that some mutations effect phenotype which can be physically detected, and others only effect genotype which cannot be detected physically. Societal Impacts of Genetics Genetics have a societal impact because its basically the building blocks of life. Depending on genetics you obtain certain traits that effect your lifestyle. Heredity of genes effects the environment by evolving genetics as they are passed down; this changes populations and effects them greatly. Development relies genetics by the variation, evolvement, and beneficial traits of a population; without these populations could develope. Ethics are affected by genetics because of the issues that are brought with genetic engineering; as we learn more about genetics more ethical issues are addressed. DNA and Replication Chromosomes contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. DNA replicates itself "unzipping" and going through the process of transcription, translation, and protein synthesis. DNA Location Eukaryotic DNA is generally located in the cell nucleus. DNA is packaged in chromosomes, in the form of a double helix. Most prokaryotes contain a single, circular DNA molecule; it is the stage of a cell before it developes a nucleus. Size The haploid human genome contains over 3 billion DNA base pairs. Prokaryote DNA can be up to 10 Mbp's in size. Bacterial DNA differs in size and shape from human, animal or plant DNA because it is much smaller and ovular-shaped instead of in the shape of a double helix Our Opinions Our opinion of DNA Day is that its a great way to spend extra time learning about such an important factor of the human population. Knowing about our genetics can be interesting and helpful when learning about Human Biology; we also can learn more about our own family's by studying DNA Credits http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml http://www.genome.gov/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_engineering http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/glenn.html

The Background of DNA

Transcript: Double-Helix (Twisted Ladder) & Last, but not least... Nitrogen Base Did You Know... She stretched DNA fibers in a thin glass tube, aimed a powerful X-ray bean at the DNA, and then recorded the scattering pattern of the X-rays on film. DNA is made up of Nucleotides. Nucleotides have three parts: 6,000 TIMES! Griffith is known as one of the founding fathers of molecular biology. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/dna/watson-crick-wilkins-franklin.aspx DNA STRUCTURE Hershey and Chase aimed to prove that DNA carried the information for inheritance. Base Paring: Watson and Crick's model showed that adenine and thymine perfectly fit together. It also showed that cytosine and guanine perfectly fit together which explained Chargaff's rule. Hershey-Chase Chargaff discovered that the percentages of adenine [A] and thymine [T] bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA. ... So we know about the structure of DNA, but what about the history of DNA? They showed that when bacteriophage enters the host bacteria cell, it is their DNA that enters the host, not their proteins. Sources James Watson and Francis Crick teamed up together to try to determine the structure of DNA. First to develop the model of the structure of DNA. They built three dimensional models of the molecule out of cardboard and wire. Sources Nucleotides are the monomers that build a DNA molecule. They are the Building Block of DNA Overall, we were able to figure out that DNA has a double helical structure due to his findings. s Franklin used a technique called X-ray diffraction to study the structure of DNA. He thought that genetic information could be transferred from one bacterium to another (transformation). Rosalind Franklin http://www.learner.org/interactives/dna/history.html http://www.dnai.org/timeline/ DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid and is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms By Kelly Swanson The X-shaped pattern showed that strands in DNA are twisted around each other like the coils a spring, a shape known as a helix. Oswald Avery did the same experiment as Frederick Griffith, but he wanted to find out what molecule in the heat killed bacteria was responsible for the transformation. Watson & Crick In the early Determined that genes are composed of DNA by using radioactive markers. The clues in Frankin's X-ray pattern enabled Watson & Crick to build an accurate model of DNA. A Brief Early History of DNA The Background of DNA DNA (dē'ěn-ā') Phosphate! Erwin Chargaff The Double Helix Model of DNA If you unwrap all of the DNA you have in your cells, you could reach the moon Frederick Griffith Oswald Avery Hydrogen Bonds: The two strands are held together by relatively weak forced called hydrogen bonds. These bonds take place between nitrogenous bases. Experiment Results In 1962, Watson and Crick received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work on DNA. Avery discovered that DNA was the molecule, not protein.

Background presentation

Transcript: Go on Exchange present your country abroad Work with different mentalities Diversity Explore different cultures Be a Member Develop your skills Have an impact Enrich your knowledge AIESEC Be a Leader Lead your team Achieve your vision Coach others Be a mentor EXPERIENCE YOUR AIESEC JOURNEY Gives you a great experience

Background Presentation

Transcript: 14th Week Consulting interns can be expensive Time and Money Personal Experience Preliminary Design Stage NFPA 101 and NFPA 13 New and Existing Education, Business, and Mercantile Definition of Project This app would be used to provide interns and recent graduates with an outline of guidelines for how to design and review designs of specific occupancies. With the given time frame, I will be writing the information that will go into the app Begin parametric study: Speak with my mentor and Jason to understand more about what critical variables I could concentrate on for this app. Choose those parameters and begin my study Gather information from NFPA 101 and NFPA 13 for new and existing education, business, and mercantile occupancies. By: Breanne Thompson Next Steps (Continued) Finish preparing for Draft of Analysis Pull together and discuss results of project Draw my conclusions and state future work needed Turn in Final Paper! 10th and 11th Week Turn in my parametric study Begin draft of analysis Map out the process of the app for the key elements 15th Week References Next Steps 7th Week Prepare for Final Presentation Summarize my draft of analysis into presentation Work on how to incorporate a live demonstration for my presentation App Development Background Information 8th-9th Week Continuous Process Objective-C for Apple products Java for Android products 6 months of studying Places to Learn: Codecademy, iOS Dev Center, Android Developers Training Hire App Developer will cost thousands Prepare Final Paper Dive into Shark Tank! 1. http://lifehacker.com/5401954/programmer-101-teach-yourself-how-to-code 2. http://www.bluecloudsolutions.com/blog/cost-develop-app/ 6th Week Background Presentation 12th-13th Week

Background Presentation

Transcript: Real action and accountability Amnesty International Non-state actors/ Rebel Groups?? ...and what about men?? ignoring male rape victims? would rape exist without a man? Weapons of War: Rape UN as an Arena - NGO's - Discussion and dialogue Arena Instrument Actor Critical Thinking Weapons of War: Rape UN as an instrument UNSC Resolution 1820 (2008) UN as an Actor - UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict Weapons of War: Rape Problems with 1820 "Roles and Functions of International Organizations" "Sexual violence, when used as a tactic of war in order to deliberately target civilians or as a part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian populations, can significantly exacerbate situations of armed conflict and may impede the restoration of international peace and security… effective steps to prevent and respond to such acts of sexual violence can significantly contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security" (UNSC Resolution 1820, p. 2)" http://www.stoprapenow.org/uploads/advocacyresources/1282164625.pdf Background Presentation- Kristin Mann Weapons of War: Rape Brief Insight - used to manipulate social control - destabilize communities - weaken ethnic groups and identities Examples: - Sudanese Militia - Rwanda Genocide - DRC Critical Thinking http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/the-need-for-numbers-on-rape-in-warand-why-theyre-nearly-impossible-to-get Critical Thinking Increased Data Collection by international organizations - determine humanitarian responses - ensures justice and reparation - provides recognition and dignity

Background Presentation

Transcript: Death rate 2012: 12.84 deaths/1,000 population (World ranking: 22) Infant (Child Mortality) Total: 79.02 deaths/1,000 live births (world ranking: 10) HIV/AIDS (2) Appropriate Technology Landlocked country Great African Rift Valley system: East – Lake Malawi South – mountains, tropical palm-lined beaches Mainly a large plateau, with some hills Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) Almost 1 million people have AIDS 60% of these are female Declining in urban areas, Rising in rural areas Leading cause of death amongst adults Contributes to the low life expectancy: 54.2 years 209th ranking (One of the lowest) 500,000 children have been orphaned due to AIDs Micro-finance Policy Framework and Strategies (Health SWAp) increasing the availability and accessibility of antenatal services; utilization of skilled health personnel during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period at all levels of the health system; strengthening the capacity of individuals and institutions to improve maternal and neonatal health; increasing the number of skilled health personnel; constructing and upgrading health facilities to offer essential health services particularly focusing on rural and underserved areas; and provision of ARVs and micronutrients during pregnancy. Geography of Malawi CCST 9004 Appropriate Technology for the Developing World Indicator 3: Literacy Rate of 15 – 24 year-olds According to the World Bank, microfinance is defined as: Microfinance is the provision of financial services to the entrepreneurial poor.This definition has two important features:it emphasizes a range of financial services—not just credit— and it emphasizes the entrepreneurial poor. Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Appropriate Technology: SIRDAMAIZE 113 Population: 16,777,547 (estimated in July 2013) Population growth rate: 2.758% (2012 est.) (World ranking: 18) Age structure Children: 50% of total population HIV/AIDS Human Resources Education Poverty Food Insecurity Erratic Rainfall Patterns/Droughts Corruption Lack of Foreign Investment Languages Indicator 5: Proportion of seats held by women in National Parliaments Central Region: 1-9 (Yellow) *Capital: Lilongwe Northern Region: 10-15 (Red) Southern Region: 16-27 (Green) Lake Malawi (Blue) Land surface area 45,747 square miles Challenges: · shortage of qualified primary school teachers; · inadequate physical infrastructure; · poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight; · high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leadinto absenteeism, especially among girls who take care of the sick · Poverty levels are high in rural areas. Malawi – Climate/Agriculture Trading partners: South Africa, Zambia, China, US Challenges: · shortage of qualified primary school teachers; · inadequate physical infrastructure; · poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight; · high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leading to absenteeism especially among girls who take care of the sick; and · poor participation of school committees and their communities in school management. · Poverty levels are high in rural areas. 1 Doctor per 50,000 people Hinders the ability to deliver medical services to people in need Reason: Emigration Lack of access to education Aggravated by AIDS > 4 nurses are lost each month This also affects other sectors: Government Business Farmers Human Resources HIV/AIDS - Contemporary GDP: US $14.58 billion (2012 est.) (World ranking: 142) Labor force: agriculture: 90%; industry and services: 10% (2003 est.) Countries main income Agriculture Main crops: maize, tobacco, tea, sugar cane, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, coffee, and rice Industry: tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods Challenges: limited capacity in terms of human and material resources to facilitate adult literacy and continuing education; early marriages perpetuated by socioeconomic factors; socio–cultural factors that make people believe that men should be leaders while women are followers; and, poor learning environment which affects girls in primary and secondary schools e.g. sanitary facilities, long distances to education facilities, extra burden from domestic chores especially for adolescent girls resulting into high dropout rate. 1964: Independent from Britain Indicator 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio Malawi Demographics Problems - Outline Indicator 4: Share of Women in Wage Employment in the Non- Agriculture Sector measure of employment opportunities ( i.e equal proportions of men and women in formal employment) Yet, more women participate in the agriculture sector than in the formal wage employment especially in jobs that require professional qualifications. Due to: literacy levels, gender disparity and cultural values. Facts About the Product: Drought tolerant maize variant Able to mature under limited rainfall Suitable for marginal rainfall areas 136 days to mature Normally: 150 – 180 days Able to mature under limited rainfall Suitable for marginal rainfall areas

background presentation

Transcript: DPIM mutations' background the lab's mutational strategy data from literature alpha fold predictions What is Y2H? Yeast two-hybrid screening system is a molecular biology technique used to discover and analyze protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions by testing for physical interactions (ex.: binding) between two proteins or between a protein and a DNA molecule, respectively. The mutations (Pol32 permutations for Y2H assays X Pol1) we are interested in are as following: Pol32:AlphaFold predictions: predicted aligned error plot DPIM area: DED GY: confidence level of the residues according to AlphaFold: D -> A CONFIDENT E -> A CONFIDENT D -> A VERY HIGH G -> A CONFIDENT Y -> A CONFIDENT

DNA PRESENTATION

Transcript: DNA What does this DNA mean ? Who we are

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