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Certificate of Free Sale

Transcript: • Lack of Probative Value – Example: FDA regulates the manufacturing body who exports within laws and regulations, but gives no assurances about the product itself) • Increased costs and barriers to trade – Emitting and obtaining CFS increases the cost of the good. Also updating and renewing CFS can act as a costly trade barrier. • Competitive concern – Economies of scale – Differences in standards for each importing country reduces the possibility of the economies of scale for exporting producers. • Issues related to the origin, manufacturers and producers of the products as discussed earlier. • Transit issues – When importing country requires two CFS, one from the exporting country and if there is any, one from the transit country that the good crosses through, making it more burdensome. • Delay – Issuance, translation and notarization schemes of a CFS can take a long time and can seriously delay the process of import/export Problems with CFS Certificate of Free Sale A CFS states that a product meets the regulator requirements of the exporting country and can be sold freely in that country. Many developing countries require a CFS as a condition of importation in sensitive sectors, such as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cosmetics, and food products. CFS is different from pre-shipment inspection, which usually checks whether products meet the standards of the importing country. CFS regulations are directed towards the exporting country and the requirements are not based on importing country’s standards. Thank you for your attention From developed country’s perspective, CFS gives rise to the following concerns: At the root of the CFS debate is the legitimate desire of developing countries to find a cost-effective way to screen the quality of imports without having to establish their own domestic regulatory machinery. Because of differences in regulations and rules in different countries, CFS acts as an unofficial trade-barrier when importing countries require products to meet standards of both the importing, and the exporting country Why developing countries require CFS? Consumer protection, environmental, health and safety grounds Regulatory, technical hurdles and cost factors. Legal grounds (non-responsibility for safety of the products and goods) Transparency (some countries lack resources to identify Domestically Prohibited Goods) Cost and Protectionism (higher costs give advantage to domestic producers, market manipulation)

Free Read PowerPoint

Transcript: Free Read PowerPoint Project Judith Rumelt, better known by her pen name Cassandra Clare, is an American author of young adult fiction. Main Characters Summary Prominent literary item Will Herondale-Will has dark hair and ocean blue eyes. Will is rude and cruel because he believes everyone that loves him will die. He believes this because a demon put a 'curse' on him. Tessa Gray- Tessa has blonde hair and grey eyes. She is very witty and enjoys literature. Recommendation of book Setting Jem Carstairs-Jem has silver hair and eyes, due to the drug he was tortured with before his family was killed. He plays the violin and is very kind, caring, and lovable. The most unique thing in Clockwork Angel is that there are supernatural occurrences such as demons, shape shifters, witches, vampires, and werewolves, etc. I definitely recommend Clockwork Angel by Cassandra Clare. I recommend this book because it uses great figurative language, such as "The machine walked like a man." Also, "There was a boy standing in front of her. He couldn´t have been much older than she was-seventeen or possibly eighteen. He was dressed in what looked like workman´s clothes-a frayed black jacket, trousers, and tough-looking boots. He wore no waistcoat, and thick leather straps crisscrossed his waist and chest. Attached to the straps were weapons-daggers and folding knives and things that looked like blades of ice. In His left hand-slim and long fingered-was bleeding where she had gashed the back of it with her pitcher. But that wasn´t what made her stare. He had the most beautiful face she had ever seen. Tangled black hair and eyes like blue glass. Elegant cheekbones,and long, thick lashes. He looked like every fictional hero she´d ever conjured up in her head. Tessa Gray goes to London to live with her brother. When she arrives Tessa is captured by twin sisters dubbed 'the Dark Sisters'. She was tortured and forced to use her gift of shape shifting for evil until Will Herondale rescues her. He then takes her to the institute, a place for shadowhunters to be cared for. Tessa meets the residents of the institute, Charlotte Branwell, the head of the institute, Henry Branwell, Charlotte's husband and inventor of a many great inventions, Jessamine Lovelace, girly and against all things shadowhunter, Jem Carstairs, a kind but very ill shadowhunter. Presentation Themes Clockwork Angel by Cassandra Clare Most unique thing in the book Presentation by Canaan Hall Clockwork Angel takes place in the institute, and the Dark Sister's home. The institute is an old church with very many rooms for passing visitors. The Dark Sister's house is large but sparsly furnished, in Tessa's room there is a bed with restraints, a mirror, and a nightstand with a few books. The themes for Clockwork angel are; you always need friends that you can trust, don't judge someone by their looks you don't know what they are going through, and even someone you wouldn't expect could be the hero. Cassandra Clare One prominent literary item in the book is personification. Personification is used throughout Clockwork Angel, such as "The machine walked like a man." Another example is, "The door creaked with a noise that sounded like a scream."

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