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OIL AND GAS

Transcript: THE LAUNCH BOOMTOWNS Spindletop and the boomtowns were important events that occurred that have led to Texas producing 34.5% of American oil.The oil industry has helped Texas by creating over 1 million jobs and earning billions of dollars for Texas. When word about all the oil found in Texas spread many Texans moved to towns that had oil.They were called boomtowns.Their populations would increase very fast.Life was hard in the harsh conditions but people stayed in order to strike oil and get rich. OIL AND GAS BY ISAAC CRAIN HOW IT STARTED The first oil wells in the U.S. were in Pennsylvania.Four years later traces of oil were found in Texas.Thirty years later a big oil discovery was found in east Texas and shortly after that two hundred eighty seven drills were in Texas. OIL INDUSTRY IN THE PRESENT Anthony Lucas was drilling for oil when he struck an astonishing 40 acre pool of oil.A stream of oil shot 100 feet into the air for nine days.It was named Spindletop.This oil rig started the first oil boom and led everybody to go crazy for oil.

Oil and Gas Presentation

Transcript: Thank You! Well Life Cycle Well Life Cycle Planning Planning Formulate a program for drilling a well that has the following characteristics: 1. Safe 2. Minimum cost 3. Usable Unfortunately, it is not always possible to accomplish these objectives on each well because of constraints based on geology, drilling equipment, temperature, casing limitations, hole sizing, or budget. Objective Objective - Highest priority in well planning - Personnel considerations must be placed above all other aspects of the plan - Safety of the well - Designed to minimize the risk of blowouts and other future problem factors Safety Safety - Minimize cost of the well without jeopardizing the safety aspects - Costs can be reduced to a certain level as additional effort is given to the planning Minimum Cost Minimum Cost - Drilling a hole to the target depth is unsatisfactory if the final well configuration is not usable. - Term "usable" implies the following: 1. The hole diameter is sufficiently large so an adequate completion can be made. 2. The hole or producing formation is not irreparably damaged. Usable Holes Usable Holes The drilling engineer is required to plan a variety of well types, including: 1. Wildcats 2. Exploratory holes 3. Step-outs 4. In-fills 5. Re-entries. Generally, wildcats require more planning than the other types. Infill wells and re-entries require minimum planning inmost cases. Well-Type Classification Well-Type Classification - Unproven area - No concrete historic production records - Unexplored as a site for potential oil and gas output Wildcat Well Wildcat Site selection based on seismic data or satellite survey Exploratory Well Exploratory - Delineates the reservoir boundaries - Drilled after the exploratory discoveries - Site selection usually based on seismic data Step-out (Development) Well Step-out (Development) - Adding new wells in an existing field within the original well patterns - Accelerate recovery or to test recovery methods - Used to confirm the presence of hydrocarbon between the step-out drill holes In-Fill Well In-Fill - Existing well re-entered to deepen, side track, rework, or re-complete - Various amount of planning is required - Depending on the purpose of the re-entry Re-entry Well Re-entry The formation, or pore, pressure encountered by the well significantly affects the well plan. The pressures may be normal, abnormal (high), or subnormal (low). Formation Pressure Formation Pressure - Generally do not create planning problems - The mud weights are in the range of 8.5 to 9.5 lb./gal - Kicks-and blowout-prevention problems should be minimized - Casing requirements can be stringent even in normal-pressure wells deeper than 20,000 ft. because of tension/collapse design constraints Normal-pressure Wells Normal-pressure - May require setting additional casing strings to cover weak or low-pressure zones - The lower-than-normal pressures may result from geological or tectonic factors or from pressure depletion in producing intervals Subnormal-pressure Wells Subnormal-pressure - Affect the well plan in many areas, including: 1. Casing and tubing design 2. Mud-weight and type-selection 3. Casing-setting-depth selection 4. Cement planning - Following problems must be considered as a result of high formation pressures 1.Kicks and blowouts 2. Differential-pressure pipe sticking 3. Lost circulation resulting from high mud weights Abnormal pressures Wells Abnormal pressures Drilling Drilling The well is created by drilling a hole into the earth using a drilling rig that rotates a string with a bit attached To Drill you Need : 1. A way to descend; drill pipe 2. A way to rotate the pipe; "Kelly" or top drive - Kelly or Rotary: rotation is achieved by turning a square or hexagonal pipe (the "Kelly") at drill floor level. - Top Drive: rotation and circulation is done at the top of the drill string, on a motor that moves in a track along the derrick. 3. A place to hold the pipes; derrick 4. A way to raise & lower the pipe; draw works 5. A cutting tool; bit 6. A media to remove cuttings; mud Objectives Objectives - Variety of configurations and designs - For different surface environments that range from; 1. Arctic 2. Desert 3. Ocean 4. Mid-continent 5. Everything in between Types of Rigs Types of Rigs Land or Onshore Rigs Offshore Rigs Offshore Rigs - Or a self-elevating unit is a type of mobile platform - Consists of a buoyant hull fitted with a number of movable legs. - Depth Range from few feet to over 400 feet Jack-up Rigs Jack-up Rigs - Supported on large pontoon-like structures - Provide buoyancy allowing the unit to be towed from location to location. - Once on the location, the pontoon structure is slowly flooded until it rests securely on its anchors, of which there are usually two per corner. - Operating deck is elevated 100 feet above the pontoons on large steel columns to provide clearance above the waves. - After the well is drilled, the water is pumped out of the buoyancy tanks and the - -

Oil and Gas

Transcript: Oil and Gas We interviwed Haley's grandfater who has worked at the refinery for more than 20 years. Interview! Question 1- How long have you worked at the refinery? 1.Since 1989, 23 years Question 2- What position did you start out at? 2. As a process operator Question 3- Have you always worked in the same position? If not what other positions have you experienced? 3. I have worked in nine different postions, process operator, operations maintenance coordinator, in this position I prioritized the work in maintenance in regards to what gets done first. I also worked as an area day supervisor, where I was supervising all of the shift supervisors and daily instructions to keep the plant running, I worked in this position for 2 years. I then worked as an operations shift super intendant where I was placed on a 4 shift cycle, working 5 days, 5 nights, etc. I then took on the position of a turn around super intendent transferred to days when the refinery had a total shut down. I put in charge of the shut down, organizing and planning of execution of the shut down until it came back up again, I did this for 3 years. Then I moved to the position of production manager, I was the head of production in the process area, the area in which all of the crew is refined, I had supervisors and superintendents reporting to me. Then, I became the off sites and terminal manager for blending of petroleum products and shipping of the products, I was in charge of what went on all the ships and what came off all the ships I stayed in this position for 8 years. I then became the turn around manager, I was responsible for all the contractors and work force in getting the turnaround executed on budget and on time as safely as possible. In 2008 I became the field services manager that looked after all the maintenance of the refinery, I had 175 people reporting to me in my department. I am now one of the 4 senior managers at the refinery responsible for all maintenance turnaround and reliability, I have all managers from departments reporting to me and under the department there are 15 supervisors, 4 superintendants 7 planners and 180 craft people. The refinery is divided into 4 sections, I am responsible for the maintenance turn around and liability, Another is responsible for operations of the refinery, Another is responsible for the production of the crude and sales of the products and another is responsible for all engineering and capital investments. Facts Facts about the refinery: The refinery employs 600 people It is a 115 000 barrels per day oil refinery The refinery was built from 1970-1973 First shipment of crude was received in May of 1973 The refinery have a tank storage capacity of 7 and a half million barrels They receive crude from the Middle East, Asia and Russia and a small portion sometimes from the grand banks of Newfoundland. Only because the crude from Newfoundland is light, while they are a heavy crude refinery 10% of their products are sold in Newfoundland and the remaining 90% is exported to the United States and the eastern seaboard and Europe. The refinery produces furnace oil, ultra low sulphur diesel, jet fuel, gasoline, propane, butane and ships bunkers known as six oil, butane we blend into the gasoline to make a higher octane. The main reason the refinery was chosen at Come by Chance is because we have the deepest salt water, ice free port in North America therefore the ships can dock directly at the terminal rather than having smaller ships offload the bigger ships and transport it to the terminal also because the refinery is very close to 80% of the North American, South American and European markets it's a 7 day sail from the North Sea, 3 day sail from New York harbour, and 14 day sail from the middle east, via the Mediterranean The refinery receives crude tankers that has a capacity of 3 million barrels of crude The refinery works with the college of the North Atlantic and Memorial University in students requiring work terms, they take them and teach them the different skills within the refinery pertaining to their degree/trade. Interview FACTS

Oil and Gas

Transcript: BY DYLAN, JEFF AND TRYSTAN, AND KAYDEN THE OIL WAS USED FOR MANY WEAPONS AND VEHICLES SUCH AS PLANES,MISSILES, BOMBS,TANKS, SHIPS,GUNS,SUBS AND,JEEPS CRUDE OIL IS CONVERTED INTO GASOLINE AFTER IT IS CONVERTED ITS USED TO POWER CARS, OR VIHICLES. Thats what it looks like when you strike oil. oil spill thanks a lot NOW SEE HOW MUCH OIL CAN EFFECT PEOPLE AND ANIMALS. THE OIL SPILL CAN BE A BIG EVENT THAT EVERYBODY WILL REMEMBER. NOW! IT IS THE END BYE AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME TODAY!!!!!! L BP AND THE END OIL WAS BIG IN WORLD WAR TWO. O GAS I OR IS IT.????

Gas and Oil

Transcript: Fossil fuels,coal,and oil are formed by living things that form into sedementary rock. Fuel is what makes cars, airplanes, and other vehichels, it is what makes your stove in your house gasoline to work. NATURAL GAS GAS AND OIL petroleum is conducted by oil .To describe petroleum ,it is a thick dark colored liquid found in certain rock formation. BAD ENERGY AND OTHER SOURCES Oil is a good thing for this earth because it creates shampoo bottles,milk gallons,plastic bags,and some of your favorite clothes.Oil also give out heat for your homes. ENERGY PROJECT SEDEMENTARY ROCK Nuclear energy is VERY bad because it is deadly gas and oil are a much better source to use because it is safe and secure. FUEL CWT PETROLEUM The CWT in philedalphia is uses thermal processing to convert waste into fuel. Natural gas is a fossil fuel but it is the least used fossil fuel. The down side of natural gas is that it is deadly if it leak. Natural gas is produced in 32 states.

Oil and Gas

Transcript: Oil for automobiles at gas stations Drilling rigs in fields (getting oil from underground) If all the natural gas pipelines in the U.S were connected to eachother they would stretch toand from the moon almost 3 times Pros of oil and gas 1: each barrel filles up 2-5 barrels of fresh water 2: oil & gasare used for heat and electic power as well as for fuel for transportation Prezi By: Talia, Lily, and Dwight bags and packaging • pesticides and herbicides • food preservatives • fertilizers 1 United States 18,840,000 2011 est. 2 China 9,790,000 2011 est. 3 Japan 4,464,000 2011 est. 4 India 3,292,000 2011 est. 5 Russia 3,196,000 2012 est. 6 Saudi Arabia 2,817,000 2011 est. 7 Brazil 2,594,000 2011 est. 8 Germany 2,400,000 2011 est. 9 South Korea 2,301,000 2012 est. 10 Canada 2,259,000 NA 11 Mexico 2,133,000 2011 est. 12 France 1,792,000 2011 est. 13 Iran 1,709,000 2012 est. 14 Italy 1,454,000 2011 est. 15 Spain 1,384,000 2011 est. 16 Singapore 1,380,000 2012 est. 17 Indonesia 1,322,000 2011 est. 18 United Kingdom 1,217,000 2013 est. 19 Australia 1,023,000 2011 est. 20 Netherlands 1,010,000 2011 est. 21 Iraq 818,000 2011 est. 22 Egypt 816,300 2011 est. 23 Taiwan 786,100 2011 est. 24 Thailand 721,100 2011 est. 25 Turkey 706,100 2011 est. 26 Argentina 678,100 2011 est. 27 Belgium 644,400 2011 est. 28 South Africa 590,900 2011 est. 29 Poland 576,600 2011 est. 30 United Arab Emirates 572,100 2011 est. 31 Venezuela 571,000 2011 est. 32 Malaysia 542,900 2011 est. 33 Pakistan 426,700 2011 est. 34 Greece 343,400 2011 est. 35 Kuwait 339,000 2011 est. 36 Hong Kong 333,900 2013 est. 37 Chile 321,700 2011 est. 38 Ukraine 320,600 2011 est. 39 Algeria 316,400 2011 est. 40 Sweden 316,000 2011 est. 41 Philippines 315,600 2011 est. 42 Libya 314,000 2011 est. 43 Colombia 287,000 2011 est. 44 Ecuador 280,000 2012 est. 45 Nigeria 271,600 2011 est. 46 Vietnam 259,900 2012 est. 47 Portugal 259,700 2011 est. 48 Syria 258,800 2011 est. 49 Switzerland 258,200 2011 est. 50 Norway 255,200 2011 est. 51 Kazakhstan 244,200 2011 est. 52 Israel 238,400 2011 est. 53 Romania 218,200 2011 est. 54 Austria 210,700 2011 est. 55 Peru 206,900 2012 est. 56 Finland 204,800 2011 est. 57 Morocco 203,600 2011 est. 58 Czech Republic 199,000 2011 est. 59 Qatar 189,700 2012 est. 60 Belarus 188,800 2011 est. 61 Yemen 177,000 2011 est. 62 Azerbaijan 168,000 2011 est. 63 Denmark 160,200 2011 est. 64 Puerto Rico 151,600 2011 est. 65 Cuba 150,200 2011 est. 66 New Zealand 148,900 2011 est. 67 Turkmenistan 145,000 2011 est. 68 Ireland 144,000 2011 est. 69 Hungary 141,100 2011 est. 70 Uzbekistan 137,100 2011 est. 71 Dominican Republic 122,300 2011 est. 72 Bulgaria 112,700 2011 est. 73 Bangladesh 108,900 2011 est. 74 Jordan 107,000 2011 est. 75 Lebanon 106,700 2011 est. 76 U.S. Virgin Islands 106,100 2011 est. 77 Panama 98,890 2011 est. 78 Oman 98,000 2011 est. 79 Sudan 95,450 2011 est. 80 Sri Lanka 89,620 2011 est. 81 Tunisia 88,380 2011 est. 82 Slovakia 83,910 2011 est. 83 Guatemala 80,810 2011 est. 84 Angola 79,430 2011 est. 85 Kenya 79,410 2011 est. 86 Jamaica 78,520 2011 est. 87 Croatia 74,410 2012 est. 88 Serbia 72,770 2013 est. 89 Curacao 72,000 2010 est. 90 Lithuania 70,390 2011 est. 91 Ghana 61,590 2011 est. 92 Luxembourg 61,380 2011 est. 93 Cyprus 58,430 2011 est. 94 Honduras 58,150 2011 est. 95 Bolivia 55,560 2013 est. 96 Slovenia 52,930 2011 est. 97 Bahrain 51,450 2012 est. 98 Uruguay 51,100 2011 est. 99 Costa Rica 50,200 2011 est. 100 Ethiopia 49,080 2011 est. 101 Armenia 45,300 2011 est. 102 El Salvador 44,040 2011 est. 103 Tanzania 43,310 2011 est. 104 Trinidad and Tobago 41,000 2011 est. 105 Burma 40,620 2011 est. 106 Senegal 40,600 2011 est. 107 Cambodia 39,350 2011 est. 108 Albania 38,390 2011 est. 109 Papua New Guinea 36,320 2011 est. 110 Bahamas 36,300 2011 est. 111 Latvia 31,340 2011 est. 112 Nicaragua 30,690 2011 est. 113 Cameroon 29,410 2011 est. 114 West Bank 29,310 2011 est. 115 Benin 29,170 2011 est. 116 Togo 28,670 2011 est. 117 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27,540 2011 est. 118 Paraguay 26,820 2011 est. 119 Estonia 26,340 2011 est. 120 Gibraltar 24,920 2011 est. 121 Mauritius 24,710 2011 est. 122 Côte d'Ivoire 24,630 2011 est. 123 Namibia 22,990 2011 est. 124 Mongolia 21,610 2011 est. 125 Iceland 20,770 2011 est. 126 Tajikistan 20,090 2013 est. 127 Mozambique 19,580 2011 est. 128 Malta 19,520 2011 est. 129 Zambia 19,260 2011 est. 130 Zimbabwe 19,030 2011 est. 131 Nepal 18,430 2011 est. 132 Mauritania 18,120 2011 est. 133 Fiji 17,810 2011 est. 134 Macedonia 17,490 2011 est. 135 Madagascar 17,480 2011 est. 136 Georgia 17,280 2011 est. 137 Uganda 16,930 2011 est. 138 Kyrgyzstan 16,640 2011 est. 139 Gabon 15,800 2011 est. 140 Botswana 15,420 2011 est. 141 Moldova 15,320 2012 est. 142 North Korea 15,000 2012 est. 143 Brunei 14,640 2011 est. 144 Guam 14,490 2011 est. 145 Suriname 14,100 2011 est. 146 Haiti 14,000 2011 est. 147 New Caledonia 13,640 2011 est. 148 Djibouti 12,460 2011 est. 149 Malawi 12,060 2011 est. 150 Guyana 10,910 2011 est. 151 Republic

Oil and Gas

Transcript: I like this career because I am interested in math and science and I like learning new things and it is a well paying job. Some things I dislike about this career are the long hours and the work conditions at times. I do not think I am suited for this career and I do not think that I would consider it as a career possibility because I am not interested in living and working in remote areas for periods of time. Some other Jobs like this one are: Some other jobs like a geologist are: mineralogist, petrologist and a geochemist. I think this is about facts! Working Conditions of a Geologist: Ocupational Outlook: Geologists are employed by consulting firms, government agencies, museums, academic institutions, and environmental and mining companies. Geologists mostly work indoors in offices and labs, but many also spend time working outdoors in the field in all weather conditions. They may have to live in tents or other rudimentary shelters for sevral weeks while doing field work. This type of work is sometimes done in foreign countries, in extremely remote and occasionally inhospitable areas and in all weather conditions. (Rain, Snow, Sun) They may also spend some time at rig sites. The average geologist works 8 to 9 hours a day. During fieldwork, they may work 12 to 14 hours a day, often 7 days a week. By: Katie Gaulton To be a geologist you must be patient since geological finds often take years, curious, logical, good with people, physically and mentally tough and interested in science and math, excellent decision making skills, the ability to visualize three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings and the ability to work well in a team environment. You must be accurate and good at researching, writing, and creating graphs. It’s also important to have the technical knowledge needed to understand the necessary equipment. Thank you for your attention! Geologists are scientists who study the history and structure of the earth’s crust and the rocks and minerals that form it. Would I be suited for this job and consider it asd a career possibility? Why or why not? Salary of a geologist: To become a geologist you must have at least a university bachelor’s degree in geology or a related subject. Many have a master’s degree or a PhD. You must register with a professional association to practise independently in some areas. A master’s degree is usually the minimum requirement for entry-level research positions in private industry and government agencies. A PhD is necessary for most high-level research positions and to teach geology in universities or colleges. It usually takes 1 to 2 years to earn a master’s degree, and 4 to 5 years to complete a PhD. Geologists examine and identify rocks and minerals. They also prepare maps that show rock types and geological structures. They advise builders and engineers on the suitability of sites for building or mining projects. Many geologists locate new oil fields and mineral deposits, and devise ways to access them. Some teach geology at universities aswell. Geologists use a myriad of advanced techniques in order to find commercial accumulations of oil and gas. The salary of a geologist varies between$15.27 to $117.79 an hour. The average wage is $55.99 an hour. Things I like and dislike about this career: Jobs in the oil and gas industry. Job Description: Educational Requirements: The number of job openings in geology depend on: The time of year, trends and events affecting overall employment, employment turnover (work opportunities generated by people leaving existing positions), occupational growth (work opportunities resulting from the creation of new positions that never existed before) and the size of the occupation. Between 2011 and 2015 the average occupational outlook is 2.7% per year. In geology there are many different jobs: ex. consulting firms resource, exploration, engineering and environmental companies government departments and agencies science centres and museums. Personal Characteristics/Abilities Needed for this career: Geologist

Oil and gas presentation.

Transcript: Petroleum Engineer They search the world for new oil and natural gas reservoirs, devise the best ways to get the resources out of the ground, and monitor the extraction and refinement processes. Use many methods, such as satellite imaging, to find new deposits of oil or natural gas Body Core tasks Body

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