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Epidemiology Powerpoint Template

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Medical PowerPoint Template

Transcript: Medical PowerPoint Template Design Elements Color Schemes for Medical Presentations Font Selection for Readability Color schemes significantly affect audience understanding and retention. In medical presentations, using blue and green hues promotes calmness and trust, while contrasting colors can highlight key information and enhance visibility. Choosing the right font is crucial for comprehension. Sans-serif fonts like Arial or Helvetica are recommended as they are easier to read on screens. Always ensure that text is large enough to be legible from a distance. Incorporating Graphics and Images Layout and Structure Incorporating relevant graphics can enhance understanding and retention of complex ideas. Use high-quality images, charts, or diagrams that directly relate to the content to support the narrative without overcrowding the slide. A well-structured layout guides the audience’s eye and improves information flow. Utilize a grid system to maintain alignment and consistency, making sure to reserve space for visual elements. Balance text with images to avoid clutter. A Blank Canvas for Your Data Presentation Tips Best Practices for Delivery Content Organization in Medical Presentations Engaging Your Audience Practicing your presentation can lead to smoother delivery and reduced anxiety. Utilize appropriate body language, voice modulation, and eye contact to foster a connection with the audience, making your message more impactful. Audience engagement is critical for effective communication. Techniques include asking rhetorical questions, using relatable examples, and incorporating multimedia elements to maintain interest and encourage participation. Title Slides and Headings Introduction to Medical Presentations Title slides set the stage for your presentation and should include the topic, your name, and the date. Headings throughout the presentation guide the audience through the narrative and facilitate smooth transitions between topics, ensuring clarity and focus on key messages. Bullet Points vs. Paragraphs Handling Questions and Feedback Bullet points provide concise and digestible pieces of information, making it easier for the audience to follow along. In contrast, paragraphs may be necessary for complex concepts but should be used sparingly to maintain attention and avoid overwhelming the viewer. Practicing and Timing Your Presentation Using Tables and Charts Tables and charts effectively present quantitative data, making complex information more approachable. They facilitate quick understanding of trends and relationships within data, enhancing the audience’s ability to interpret clinical findings or statistical results. Rehearse your presentation multiple times to refine your delivery and timing. Understanding how long each section takes helps ensure that you cover all material without rushing or exceeding your allotted time. Encourage questions to create a dialogue with your audience. Responding thoughtfully to feedback shows respect for their input and enhances clarity for everyone involved, improving overall comprehension. Citing Sources and References Importance of Visual Aids Citing sources is crucial in maintaining credibility and allowing the audience to explore further. Proper referencing not only attributes the original work but also strengthens arguments presented in the medical content, supporting evidence-based practice. Visual aids play a crucial role in medical presentations by simplifying complex information. They help audiences grasp essential concepts quickly, improving retention and engagement through the use of charts, images, and videos. Overview of PowerPoint Features PowerPoint offers various features to enhance medical presentations, including templates specifically designed for medical content, the ability to incorporate multimedia, and options for animations that can illustrate processes or changes over time. Objectives of the Medical Template The medical PowerPoint template serves to streamline the creation of presentations by providing a standardized format. This ensures consistency in design and aids users in organizing their data effectively for clarity and impact.

Epidemiology

Transcript: Thank you for listening! Common Cold Incidence for common cold is clearly high (anecdotal evidence) BUT, data for hypothesis is lacking Clear incidence of influenza been used as substitute Mortality figures show it is a severe problem facing health service Common Cold is a coronavirus (but can be caused by a rhinovirus too) Grouped with SARS Distinguishable from other common winter diseases such as influenza (an orthomyxovirus) By Aiken Yam & Jack Steadman Public Health England (2012/2013): Influenza activity in UK rose to only low levels Activity was prolonged Reached Levels higher than those seen in 2011/2012 Both children and adults affected Initially marked by outbreaks in schools After Christmas, outbreaks in care homes Brace yourselves... References: 1Isba R, Rapid Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicines [online], Blackwell Publishing, November 2003, available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9781405140669. Accessed 14th November 2013. 2ONS, Deaths Registered in England and Wales in 2012 [online], October 2013, available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/vsob1/mortality-statistics--deaths-registered-in-england-and-wales--series-dr-/2012/index.html. Accessed 14th November 2013 3ONS, Deaths Registered in England and Wales in 2011 [online], November 2012, available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/vsob1/mortality-statistics--deaths-registered-in-england-and-wales--series-dr-/2011/index.html. Accessed 14th November 2013 4ONS, Deaths Registered in England and Wales in 2010 [online], October 2011, available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/vsob1/mortality-statistics--deaths-registered-in-england-and-wales--series-dr-/2010/index.html. Accessed 14th November 2013 5ONS, Background and Methodology, 2012-based National Population Projections [online], November 2013, available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_330483.pdf. Accessed 14th November 2013 6ONS, Background and Methodology, 2010-Based National Population Projections [online], October 2011, available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_232313.pdf. Accessed 14th November 2013 7Hemila H, Chalker E, Vitamin C for preventing the common cold [online], January 2013, The Cochrane Library, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4, available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4/abstract. Accessed 14th November 2013 8Hemila H, Kaprio J, Albanes D, Heinonen O P, Virtamo J, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Beta-Carotene in Relation to Common Cold Incidence in Male Smokers [online], Epidemiology 13;1 January 2002 (pp. 32-37), available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3703244?seq=3. Accessed 14th November 2013 9ONS, Excess Winter Mortality in England and Wales, 2011/12 (Provisional) and 2010/2011 (Final) [online], available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_288362.pdf. Accessed 14th November 2013 10Public Health England, Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, including novel respiratory viruses in the UK: Winter 2012-13 [online] http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1317139320524. Accessed 14th November 2013 Epidemiology Major cause of visits to a doctor in high-income countries and of absenteeism from work and school. Over 200 viruses cause common cold symptoms Symptoms vary Antibiotics are useless making other treatment options a substantial public health interest Winter is Coming...

Epidemiology

Transcript: Louis Pasteur is most famous for his discovery of pasteurization. He found that bacteria was responsible for souring wine and beer. In 1864 the scientific community accepted his findings about germs and where they came from. He also studied numerous diseases in hopes to find a cure. Pasteur and his team were the first to find a cure for rabies and prove it worked (1885). John Snow Rhazes was a Persian Physician who was the first person to differentiate between smallpox and measles. He wrote his findings in al-Judari wa al-Hasbah (On Smallpox and Measles). The book was written sometime after 900. He also used Hippocratic Method for clinical observation. Marie Curie Alexander Fleming (460 B.C. - 377 B.C.) Hippocrates is considered to be the founder of modern medicine. He broke away from the traditional view that the body was separate parts with no relation to one another, and formed the idea that the body was a whole and to achieve perfect health they must all be in balance. One of his greatest legacies is the Hippocratic Corpus; a collection of written works. Not all of the writings in the Hippocratic Corpus were written by Hippocrates, but the most important ones were. These include Airs, Waters, and Places, Aphorisms, and Ancient Medicine. These are estimated to have been written around 400 B.C.. John Snow was a physician London. He discovered that cholera was not caused by 'bad air', but germs that entered through the mouth. He was able to successfully stop an outbreak of cholera in Soho in 1854. Snow also helped shape the beginnings of anesthetics. He practiced using controlled dosages of chloroform, which made the drug safer and more effective. (1793-1859) (1813-1858) Thomas Sydenham (1716-1794) A Brief History of Epidemiology By Ivy Phillips Hippocrates (1843-1910) Robert Koch Epidemiology Through the Ages (865 - 925) Lemuel Shattuck was an important figure in public health. In 1850 he published his Sanitation Report that established a model for all other states to follow. In 1839 he founded the American Statistical Association. This was one of the first organizations that collected and analyzed statistics. He made great discoveries about anthrax during 1872-1880. He found that anthrax was transmitted from animal to animal through blood. He innovated the way bacteria was stained. He made staining better and more visible, making observations easier. Koch also worked on Tuberculosis in the 1890s. His work led to better diagnostics for TB. In 1905 he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. (1822-1895) While working in a hospital he noticed a mold growing in one of the culture dishes being used to grow the staphylococci germ (1928). As he was observing the mold he noticed it had a bacteria-free circle around it. Fleming grew the mold in a pure culture and found that it would kill many dangerous types of bacteria. He called it penicillin. Two other scientists made the penicillin available in drug form, which helped cure many illnesses at the time. Marie Curie began working with uranium rays after Roentgen and Becquerel published their findings on rays. As she studied minerals she found they all had different levels of radioactivity (a term she coined). In 1898 she and her husband announced the discovery of two new elements; radium and polonium. They proved that radium could kill living cells, which gave way to radioactive treatment. Diseases like cancer could be treated with radioactivity. In 1903 she became the first woman in France to complete her doctorate. Also in 1903 Marie, her husband, and Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize for Physics. (1624-1689) James Lind was a doctor that sailed on different ships. During his time on board he observed the disease called scurvy. Scurvy effected many sailors during this time. In 1747 he performed an experiment on 12 sailors with scurvy, feeding them a different diet. The sailors he fed citrus fruits became better. He concluded that scurvy was caused because of a vitamin C deficiency. Lemuel Shattuck (1867-1895) Louis Pasteur James Lind (1881-1955) Thomas Sydenham is remembered to be the 'English Hippocrates' because he put emphasis on accurate observations and ethical clinical procedures. He was the first person to differentiate between measles and scarlet fever. He published his findings in a book called Methodus curandi febres (The Method of Curing Fevers) in 1666. He is best known for his work on fevers. Rhazes

Epidemiology

Transcript: tools: rates / ratio / proportions Quantitative epidemiology Compare disease frequency in different population Diseases are not uniformly distributed time + place + person 'Descriptive Epidemiology' 'Analytical Epidemiology' test hypotheses develop scientifically sound health programmes, interventions & policies understand determinants of diseases *there were 500 deaths from motor vehicle accidents in City A during 1985. measures the occurence of event in a population during a period of time comprises: numerator, denominator, time, multiplier ratio of white blood cells relative to red cells is 1:600 or 1/600, meaning that for each white cell, the are 600 red cells. Ratio formula Disease Frequency Disease Determinants 500 new cases of an illness in a population of 30000 in a year. = 500/30000 X 1000 = 16.7 per 1000 per year in cases of accidents, the number of accidents 'per 1000 vehicle' or 'per million vehicle-miles' will be a more useful denominator many of them may not be using vehicles describe distribution & magntude of health & disease problem Death rate = Number of deaths in 1 year Mid-year population example number of children with malnutrition at a certain time Definition of Epidemiology number of times an event has occured in a population, during a specific time-period part of denominator in 'rate' but not 'ratio' Basic measurements in epidemiology number of all current cases of a specified disease existing at a given time estimated population at the same point in time 100 all current cases (old & new) existing at a given point in time. Rate provide data essential for planning, implementation & evaluation Prevent + Control + Treat Incidence commonly used measures I keep 6 honest serving men; they taught me all I know. Their names are what, why, when, how, where & who information on deaths is analyzed and the resulting tabulations are made available by each government Point prevalence either related to population / total events number of existing cases of a specified disease during a given period of time interval estimated mid-interval population at risk mid-year population population at risk person-time person-distance sub-groups of population number of children with scabies at a certain time mortality, morbidity, disability, natality ... *definitions need to be clear tools of measurement = categories of rates Denominator no of children with influenza at a certain time total number of children in village at a certain time 1) crude rates 2) specific rates 3) standardized rates ratio which indicates the relation in magnitude of a part of the whole numerator is always included in denominator. usually expressed as percentage Related to population Disease Distribution limitations of mortality data 1000 Measurement of Mortality relation in size between 2 random quantities numerator not a component of denominator x : y or x y Proportions Numerator Prevalence crude death rate specific death rate case fatality rate (ratio) proportional mortality rate (ratio) survival rate number of new cases occuring in a defined population during a specified period of time Epidemiology Epidemiology VS Clinical Medicine - unit of study population VS cases - goes to community VS coming to Dr Numerator & Denominator identify etiological factors in pathogenesis of diseases 1000 Related total events 100 number of new cases of specific disease ing a given time period population at risk during that period incomplete reporting of deaths lack of accuracy lack of uniformity Aims of Epidemiology Based on Jim Harvey's speech structures formula The study of the distribution & determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, & the application of this study to the control of health problems Period Prevalence 100

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