Ebola Virus
Transcript: EBOLA Ebola is a deadly RNA virus that has five types -Zaire Ebola Virus (ZEBOV) *most common* -Ebola Sudan Virus (SEBOV) -Ebola Reston Virus (REBOV) -Ivory Coast Ebola Virus (CIEBOV) -Bundibugyo Ebola Virus Most commonly known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. (also known as Manburg virus) Part of the Filoviridae Family but has no exact scientific name Ebola Reston is the only type of ebola that is non-pathogenic to humans only in primates while others affect both humans and primates. (primates as in monkeys, chimps, aaaaaannnddd) Signs and Symptoms of Ebola Incubation period is 2 to 21 days until these symptoms appear High Fever, Nausea, Vomiting, Headache, Muscular pain, Malaise, Inflammation of the pharynx, abdominal pain, joint pain, chest pain, coagulopathy, hiccups, low blood pressure, sclerotic arterioles, purpura, petechia, DIARRHEA!!!!!!!!! Serious symptoms inculde external and internal bleeding from the mouth, genitals, nose, and beneath the skin. Ebola is not diagnosed until after serious symptoms occur. It's difficult because early symptoms such as its mild symptoms, red eyes and a skin rash, are nonspecific to the virus and are seen in other patients with diseases that occur much more frequently When Ebola is suspected and clinically diagnosed the patient is isolated and local and state health department, and the CDC is notified. HISTORY In 1976 the first report of Ebola was recorded in Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) by Dr. Ngoy Mushola The 1st outbreak of Ebola occured in West Sudan and part of Zaire in 1976. 318 human cases were reported with 280 of the cases resulted in death. (88% death rate) The second largest outbreak was in 1995. Where 315 human cases were reported with 250 of them resulting in death. (81% death rate) Since first being identified, more than 1800 cases of Ebola have been confirmed. Of those 1800 cases 1200 resulted in death, making it one of the most fatal viruses to affect humans. Primates are also able to obtain Ebola just as easily as humans. Due to being very similar to us. Ebola obtained its name by the Ebola river in Zaire HOW IS EBOLA SPREAD? How the virus is spread? -Not much is known about where Ebola comes from but how individuals thought it was spread was through close personal contact with a person who is ill with the virus. In most african cultures it's common to kiss your loved ones when they died. Resulting in the family members catching Ebola and being affected as well. 1st detected cases of Ebola virus been detected around dead bodies and carcasses of chimpanzees, gorillas, rodents, duikers, and shrews. so it's assumed that these dead bodies have link to the virus Ebola is also spread through objects like dirty needles and other poorly cleaned medical tools used to treat people in Africa. Direct contact with an infected individual's blood or other secretions will also result in obtaining Ebola as well The lack of knowledge of Ebola and it's huge epidemics in parts of Africa led to the medical scientist to hold an International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Infection & other Hemorrhagic fevers in December 77 in Antwerp, Belgium Confirmed cases of Ebola have been seen in the following countries -Democratic Republic of the Congo -Gabon -Sudan -Ivory Coast -Uganda -Republic of the Congo *No cases of human infections have been reported in the United State* It is believe that bats carried or moved the virus throughout most of the infected african countries How does it work? Once the virus gained access to the body it rapidly spreads to the bloodstream. Occurs because the virus infects many cell types but prefers infecting connective tissue cells. (taking over) The virus act like how all viruses act. They infect a cell making it a "host cell" that host cell spawns more and more of the virus cells that keeping obtaining more host cells until the virus takes over the entire body. Over time too much replication of virus cells will eventually destory the cells the virus is hosting that were not meant to be used that way. What is a simple example to describe this? It's just like the movie Alien! The virus is the egg The virus attacks the "host cell" while in the process of reproducing. The virus is produce by busting threw the host cell like the alien busting threw the host. then while a virus produces more of the virus so does the aliens But Ebola looks more like this... -Thread like in nature -and 288 amino acids in length -many of the ebola viruses may very in shapes and sizes (don't worry it won't become an alien) Ways to Prevent Ebola? Ways to prevent infection are unknown in nature from just catching it because no one really exactly knows where it comes from, there are just a few primary prevention measures. -do not come in direct contact with the infected -wear gloves and other protective gear (close contact virus) -use of barrier nursing treatment (isolation) -No direct contact with objects touched by infected individual -No direct contact with infected
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