pulmonary presentation
Transcript: pulmonary disorders 4/12/2017 prepared by :faten alsawahreh Supervised by : Dr. Reem Nabhani AGENDA By the end of this lecture, you'll be able to: -identify anatomy and physiology of respiratory system. -Identify the definition, pathophysiology and management of each topic. Objectives: -demonstrate national and international epidemiology for each disease. -identify the roles of advance pediatric nurse in each respiratory diseases. - -demonstrate national and international epidemiolo... 1-extrathoracic airway head, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, oropharynx, larynx , epiglotitis. 2-inrathoracic anatomy trachea, lung, thorax 1-extrathoracic airway head, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, oropharynx, lary... HOW FAR WE'VE COME resiratory physiology NEW GOALS mechanism of breathing mechanism of breathing -contraction of diaphram, accessory muscle and external intercostal muscle . -increase intrathorcic volume. -negative intrathorcic preesure -move air from atmosphare into lung inspiratory inspiratory -relax of diaphram, accessory muscle and external intercostal muscle . -decrease intrathorcic volume. -increase intrathorcic preesure -move air from lung to atmosphare expiratory expiratory Initiative 3 alveolar ventiliation alveolar ventiliation -the primary goal is to provide adequate CO2 elimination and O2 uptake during respiratory cycle. -gaz exchange anywhere in respiratory tree exept dead space. - total volume=R.R * tidal volume https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdyE9bIdmrw normal gaz exchange normal gaz exchange NEXT STEPS Pulmonary disorder Step 1 ARDS Result of direct or indirect lung injury ,specific to the alveolar capillary barrier that involve alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. ARDS ARDS Defining criteria for ARDS -Acute onset -PaO2/fiO2 ratio of les than 200 mmHg. -Evidence of bilateral infiltrates on chest radiogram. - Pulmonary artery wedge press less than 18mmHg or no clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension. Defining criteria for ARDS -Acute ons... islam assigment Epidemology Epidemology maha assigment Management of ARDS Management of ARDS ALTE ALTE - an episode that is fightening to the observer and that is charactrized by some sort of combination of apnea , color change , chocking or gagging. *national institutes of health. ALTE - an episode that is fightening to the observer and that ... - 0.5% to 6% of pediatric emergency visit in the united state is ALTE. -etiology remains unknown in 50% of patients. epidemology and etiology. epidemology and etiology. - fewer than 10% of suden infant death syndrome victims have a history of ALTE. * risk factor - prematurity -coupled with male gender. -respiratory syncytial virus. -history of general anasthesia - fewer than 10% of suden infant death syndrome victims have a history ... diagnostic studies. diagnostic studies. 1-physical examination must be comprehansive and detailed. 2-obsearve any delay in progression of developmental stages, dysmorphic features or failure to thrive. 3-resuscitation and stablization should following the ABC. 4-educate the family of initial evaluation of infant; home monitors. plan of care plan of care * ensure that the infant resides in smoke free surrounding . * provide a firm mattress for sleeping. * breastfeed thhe infant. *if blue spells are noticed in the infant ,ask medical advice. * avoid overheating. * never permit bed linens to cover the infant face. preventive measures preventive measures - acute acquired neuromuscular disease that cause paralysis ,affect pulmonary function. botulism and guillain barre syndrome botulism and guillain barre syndrome Infectious disease that affect the neuromuscular junction cused by spore forming gram positive bacilli; clostridium botulinum which produce neurotoxins that absorbed into bloodstream and block the release of acetylcholine from nerve ending causining paralysis. unpastreurized honey is food reservoir for spores. botulism botulism GBS is an autoimmune disease that affect the prephiral nervous system develop after mild infection illness. - immune response to the infection produce antibodies aginist myelin along periphral nerve demyelination paralysis. -epidemology 1 to 2 per 100000 population worldwide GBS GBS - continous monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular . -maintain airway by endotracheal tube. - the only treatment for nfant botulism is human botulism immune globulin -rehabilitaion services after discharge. CARE PLAN CARE PLAN complete or near complete obstruction of the larynx or trachea will cause immediate asphyxia and death. -nonfood items are more commonly aspirated in older pediatric parients. -aspiration of food item is common to all ages. FORIGN BODY ASPIRATION complete or near complete obstruction of the larynx or trachea will cau... -more than 17000 patient visit ER department in united state as aspiration. -pediatric patient aged 9 to 30 months have immature neuromuscular swallowing mechanism , lack of moral teeth. epidemology and etiology plan of
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