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Company Law

Transcript: 2,500+ Number of college students that die every year from alcohol related injuries, including traffic accidents. Creation of a company Unlimited companies Limited companies by shares Limited companies by guarantee Note Rohypnol, a brand name for flunitrazepam, is a strong sedative that slows down the central nervous system. When abused it can be administered unknowingly to debilitate victims, making the resistance to sexual or physical assault impossible. Public limited company Private limited company Capital Flexibility Shared responsibility It is a limited liability company whose shares may be freely sold and traded to the public on a stock exchange(although a plc may also be privately held, often by another plc), with a minimum share capital of £50,000, at least 2 shareholders and 2 directors and the letters PLC after its name. Public limited companies operates as a separate legal entity from its owners. If Registrar is satisfied that statutory requirements have been met and that the objects of the company are lawful, he registers the documents and issues a certificate of incorporation. This is the company’s "birth certificate". The Registrar publishes the issue of the certificate in the London or Edinburgh Gazette. He is also entitled to refuse to register a company where it has been formed for an unlawful purpose. At least 25! Some common examples: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Herpes Don't Forget HIV! Separate legal personality Agreement Disagreements Profit sharing By liability Sole Trader/Proprietorship Cost Administration Accountancy Dilution of powers Depression Medication It must be signed (subscribed) in the presence of a witness by each subscriber (= initial shareholder) unless submitted in electronic form, and must show the number of shares each subscriber is taking. a simple document providing certain basic information and key declarations to the public which state that subscribers wish to form the company and agree to become members taking at least one share each. How many kinds of STI's (Sexually Transmitted Infections) are there? Unlimited companies They are often found in the not-for-profit, charity or non-trading sectors. Such companies have guarantors rather than shareholders. These guarantors are members who agree to make a limited contribution towards the payment of the company’s debts in the event of a winding up. With no shareholders, any surplus is reinvested in the company. However, we can find companies limited by guarantee with a share capital - these are called "hybrid companies". A sole trader is a very simple legal form of business owned by one person. The owner is personally and wholly (unlimitedly) liable for the business and the debts (i.e. when the business fails, he faces bankruptcy) A company is a separate person in law from its members. This has several important consequences: - the company is liable for its own debts; - the shareholders are not liable for the debts and liabilities of the company and cannot be sued by the company’s creditors; - a shareholder can be a debtor or creditor of the company and can sue or be sued by the company. Here, the liability of members is truly unlimited and if the company is being wound up, they can be required to contribute to the company’s assets without limit to enable it to pay its debts. Private limited company Disadvantages Depression A statement giving the address of the company’s registered office and the details (name, address, nationality, occupation and date of birth) of the company’s first directors and secretary. Statement must be signed by the subscribers to the memorandum. Statutory Declaration of Compliance : a statement that all the requirements of the 1985 Companies Act with regard to registration have been complied with. Payment of Registration Fee this is presently £20. Health is a CHOICE you make EVERYDAY! Definition It can be defined as ‘a legal relationship formed by the agreement between two or more persons to carry on a business in common with a view of sharing profit, decision-making and management’ A company is registered by filing certain documents with the Registrar - he is a public official appointed by the Secretary of State. The articles are essentially the rule book of the company. They creates a relationship between the company and its members. Some of the key issues set out in the articles are: Voting rights attached to different classes of shares Powers of directors Powers of the board Payment of dividends Public limited companies Certificate of incorporation Cardiovascular Disease Definition Types of companies by liability by type Consequences of incorporation Creation of a company Pros/Cons Non-incorporated businesses Limited companies Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States; one in every three deaths is from heart disease and stroke, equal to 2,200 deaths per day. Company Law Advantages -The most common kind of registered company usually found in the commercial

Company Law

Transcript: ID - 44035276 Belongs to the members Preservation of the Rights personal to members Enforceable by the shareholders Courts may authorize an order if it is content that members are acting in good faith and inspection is for a proper purpose. Principles of Mesa Minerals Limited vs Mighty River International Limited was summarized by the Federal Court of Australia in Hanks vs Admiralty Resources When do Members have a Right to Inspect the Company's Books and why is this Right Important ? Tinios vs French Caledonia Travel Service Pty Ltd [1994] FCA 1154 MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE Strengthening of Members' Rights Federal Court of Australia Relevant Principles Established Pursuant to Section 247A "Books" as defined in section 9 Prologue Books extending access to insurance policies of directors & officers Rights to inspect company's books (s247), receive due notice of meeting and correct register (s175). It also consists of rights to challenge variation of shares (s246D) and ask questions at meetings, to vote on directors' remuneration and rights to dividend. Investigating irregularities in company's financial accounts At Common Law:- No clear inspection right for members. Restrictive approach - shareholders could not oppose the directors' decisions. Person granted leave under s237 also possess the same rights as members Augmenting propensity of shareholders to hold directors accountable Assisting to bring an action for a breach of directors’ duties (s 180–183) Assembles evidence in order to mount a statutory derivative action Auditions to make relevant management decisions Approves financial reports, in case of an auditor S 247B DUTY Vinciguerra vs MG Corrosion Consultants Pty Ltd [2007] FCA 503 S 247A Rights under company's internal rule (s140) REFERENCES:- Redmond, P. (2013). Corporations and Financial Markets Law (6th Edition). 100 Harris Street, Pyrmont, Sydney, NSW: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia ABN 64 058 914 668, pg: 322-324. Redmond, P. (2005). Corporations and Financial Markets Law (4th Edition). 100 Harris Street, Pyrmont, Sydney, NSW: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia ABN 64 058 914 668, pg: 400-401. Lipton, P. Herzberg, A. Welsh, M. (2015). Understanding Company Law (18th Edition). 19 Harris Street, Pyrmont, Sydney, NSW: Law Book Co of Australasia, Australia ISBN 13 9780455236209, pg: 669-672. Quilter, M. (2009). Company Law Perspectives (3rd Edition). 19 Harris Street, Pyrmont, Sydney, NSW: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia ABN 64 058 914 668, pg: 215-236. Federal Register of Legislation (2001). Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00129 SHAREHOLDERS AND THE RIGHT TO INSPECT COMPANY BOOKS (ERA Legal). Retrieved from: http://www.eralegal.com.au/2017/04/03/shareholders-right-inspect-company-books Shareholders' Rights to Inspect the Books of the Company (ClarkeKann Lawyers). Retrieved from: http://www.clarkekann.com.au/newsroom/shareholders-rights-to-inspect-the-books-of-the-company. B. Personal Rights Authorized personnel can only disclose information to members or ASIC s 247 A (3) - At court's discretion members can access books of company's subsidiaries Statutory Rights:- Members' Rights to inspect or access company's books has been expanded in Corporations Act 2001 at s247 A. Belongs to the company Arises from a cause of action Members are entitled to exercise this right Also called members' derivative action Members are the owners of a company. Companies limited by shares, members are its shareholders. Companies limited by guarantee, members are not the shareholders. ACCG 614 Procedural Rights Significance of the Rights to Inspect Company's Books Accounting Authorized personnel inspecting the books may make a copy unless court orders differently. Fazle Rabbi Intercapital Holdings Ltd vs MEH Ltd [1998] 6 ACLC 1068 s 247 A (2) - Merim Pty Ltd vs Style Ltd [2009] FCA 314 Drawback Contravenes legitimacy in preventing confidential information being accessible to dissatisfied members The Principles developed were later used by the Supreme Court of South Australia to reason the decision in Acehill Investments Pty Ltd vs Incitec Ltd A. Derivative Rights Accounting Majestic Resources NL vs Caveat Pty Ltd [2004] WASCA 201 Mesa Minerals Ltd vs Mighty River International Limited Applied for Inspection of certain books & records of Mesa on the basis of Suspicious Arrangements with 3rd Parties even though Mesa argued for lack of good faith & a proper purpose but Primary judgement permitted Mighty River to access company's books without being content Mesa appealed to the Federal Court of Australia Verdict Full Court also acknowledged primary judgement and Established principles providing guidance for members wishing to make applications for the inspection of books Vests wide discretion making orders ancillary to primary orders or Restricting books to be given access to Company Law s 247A (1) - ANALYSIS and PRINCIPLE IMPLICATIONS pursuant to Inspection of Company's

Company Powerpoint

Transcript: Shared a Photo Work Experience The The main headquaters is located in Au Bon Pain Photos like comment share like comment share Status Update like comment share Company Powerpoint Education Location: Shared a Link Interests

Company PowerPoint

Transcript: I picked this company because Nestle is a Worldwide organization and you can find one at most of the malls you go to, and their food is amazing. Nestle Toll House Good Food, Good Life With instant coffee, baby food, and bottled water in the mix, Nestlé crunches more than just chocolate. The world's #1 food and drinks company in terms of sales, Nestlé is also the world leader in coffee (Nescafé). It also makes coffee for the home-brewing system, Nespresso. Nestlé is one of the world's top bottled water makers (Nestlé Waters), one of the biggest frozen pizza makers (DiGiorno), and a big player in the pet food business (Friskies, Purina). Its most well-known global food brands include Buitoni, Dreyer's, Maggi, Milkmaid, Carnation, and Kit Kat. The company also owns Gerber Products. North America is Nestlé's most important market. Why Nestle is better Baby foods Bottled water Cereals Chocolate & confectionery Coffee Culinary, chilled & frozen food Dairy Drinks Food service Healthcare nutrition Ice cream Petcare Weight management Competitors Mars, Incorporated DANONE MONDELEZ INTERNATIONAL, INC. Peter Brabeck-Letmathe (Chairman) Paul Bulcke (CEO) Wan Ling Martello (CFO) Brands Its most well-known global food brands include Buitoni, Dreyer's, Maggi, Milkmaid, Carnation, and Kit Kat. Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866) Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867) Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905) Continued Nestle Toll House Why? Nestlé is the world's biggest food manufacturer, with almost 450 factories spread across the globe, and a portfolio that ranges from baby foods to pet care, from chocolate to mineral water. Its world-famous brands include Nescafe, Kit Kat and Perrier, among many others. The group also owns a large shareholding in cosmetics company L'Oreal. As with other food companies, recent years have seen a greater concentration on a focused food and beverage business. In particular Nestlé has leveraged its performance in sectors such as ice cream and petfoods with an aggressive acquisition strategy. At the same time, it has placed health and wellness at the forefront of its agenda, developing the widest possible range of nutritionally balanced products under the overall umbrella "Good Food, Good Life". See also Nestlé USA, Nestlé UK, Nestlé Australia, Nestlé Latin America and Nestlé Japan. Competition ...is committed to enhancing people's lives by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices at all stages of life and at all times of the day. Nestle is an overall amazing company that has all different kinds of food and brands. It has a few competitors but nothing too major that can tear apart the company. ...is committed to enhancing people's lives by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices at all stages of life and at all times of the day. Company PowerPoint Overview

PowerPoint Game Templates

Transcript: Example of a Jeopardy Template By: Laken Feeser and Rachel Chapman When creating without a template... http://www.edtechnetwork.com/powerpoint.html https://www.thebalance.com/free-family-feud-powerpoint-templates-1358184 Example of a Deal or No Deal Template PowerPoint Game Templates There are free templates for games such as jeopardy, wheel of fortune, and cash cab that can be downloaded online. However, some templates may cost more money depending on the complexity of the game. Classroom Games that Make Test Review and Memorization Fun! (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://people.uncw.edu/ertzbergerj/msgames.htm Fisher, S. (n.d.). Customize a PowerPoint Game for Your Class with These Free Templates. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/free-powerpoint-games-for-teachers-1358169 1. Users will begin with a lot of slides all with the same basic graphic design. 2. The, decide and create a series of questions that are to be asked during the game. 3. By hyper linking certain answers to different slides, the game jumps from slide to slide while playing the game. 4. This kind of setup is normally seen as a simple quiz show game. Example of a Wheel of Fortune Template https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Wheel-of-Riches-PowerPoint-Template-Plays-Just-Like-Wheel-of-Fortune-383606 Games can be made in order to make a fun and easy way to learn. Popular game templates include: Family Feud Millionaire Jeopardy and other quiz shows. http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/deal-powerpoint-template/ Quick video on template "Millionaire" PowerPoint Games Some games are easier to make compared to others If users are unsure whether or not downloading certain templates is safe, you can actually make your own game by just simply using PowerPoint. add logo here References Example of a Family Feud Template PowerPoint Games are a great way to introduce new concepts and ideas You can create a fun, competitive atmosphere with the use of different templates You can change and rearrange information to correlate with the topic or idea being discussed. Great with students, workers, family, etc. For example: With games like Jeopardy and Family Feud, players can pick practically any answers. The person who is running the game will have to have all of the answers in order to determine if players are correct or not. However, with a game like Who Wants to be a Millionaire, the players only have a choice between answers, A, B, C, or D. Therefore, when the player decides their answer, the person running the game clicks it, and the game will tell them whether they are right or wrong.

COMPANY LAW

Transcript: As a conclusion, Office Equipment cannot enforce the pre incorporation againts Singaling Sdn Bhd but it may enforce the pre incorporation contract againts Singa personally. LAW: 1) Section 4(1) of C.A 1965. 2) Case: Twycross V Grant 3) Case: Tunku Abdullah Sultan Abu Bakar V Mohamad Latiff Shah Mohd. 4) In common law prior to its registration, a company as legal entity does not exist. Therefore the co cannot enter into contract of appoint any person to enter into contract on its behalf. Case: Newborn V Sensolid (Great Britain) Ltd. 5) Case: Kelner V Baxter MALAYSIAN LAW: 1) s35(1) C.A 1965 2) CASE:Ahmad Salih V Rawang Hills Resort Sdn Bhd. 3) S 35(2) C.A 1965. 4)CASE: PHONOGRAM V LANE COMPANY LAW GROUP MEMBERS If the contract contain a clause which stated that Singa was in no way to incur personal liability for breach of the contract, it was a clear word that can exclude Singa liability. Hence Office Equipment Sdn Bhd. cannot enforce the pre incorporation againt Singa ling Sdn. Bhd and also againts Singa personally. LAW: 1) Section 14(1) of C.A 1965 2) Section 16(5) of C.A 1965 3) Doctrine separate legal entity 4)Case: Salomon V Salomon 5) Lifting the veil of incorporation (exception of separate legal entity) Case: Gilford Motor V Horne APPLICATION Farm Product Bhd can take action againts Agriculture Product Bhd. as the company was used to evade legal obligation. CONCLUSION Q2 ISSUE: Whether Office Equipment can enforce the contract againts Singaling Sdn. Bhd. CONCLUSION Q1 ISSUE: Whether Farm Products Bhd. can take legal action againts Agricultural Product Bhd.? APPLICATION MAZRENIE BINTI PAUN 2015249668 UMMI SHAHNUUR AKMAL BINTI SHAMAN 2015693626 NABILA HUDA BINTI MOHAMAD PUAT 2015827132 MARYAM NADHIRAH BINTI MUSTAFA 2015856906 1)Farm Product Bhd. and Agricultural Product Bhd. are the legal person having the powers of an incorporated body corporate. 2)According to case Salomon V Salomon it is applicable to agricultural product Bhd. Where the co is separate body from its members. 3)The veil of Agricultural Product Bhd. can be lifted as the co was use to evade legal obligation. Farm Product Bhd. can take action againts Agricultural Product as Gilmo had breach his contract. Gilmp alloted all the shares in Agricultural Product to his wife and father and one of them began soliciting the customers of Farm Product Bhd with the help of the list produce by Gilmo 1) Singa is a promoter. 2) Singaling Sdn Bhd is also incapable ratifying the contract after it has been registered. 3) Singaling Sdn Bhd did not ratify the contract made by Singa with Office Equipment Sdn. Bhd. Thus Office Equipment is incapable of enforcing the pre incorporation product. 4) S.35(2) office equipment can make Singa personally liable for the contract. Based on the decision of the court in the case on Phonogram Ltd V Lane since there was no clear word use to exclude Singa liability, Singa is personally liable for the pre incorporation contract.

PowerPoint Game Templates

Transcript: Conservation of fishing cat Introduction of fishing cat Health: Fishing cats are susceptible to carnivore protoparvovirus, a disease known to kill them. This disease significantly damages the kidney, spleen and gastrointestinal tract of the body. The fishing cat is also vulnerable to diseases and medical conditions such as feline hemoplasmas, transitional cell carcinoma and canine distemper virus. Conservation Threats Wild life Shamim khan 2225138043 Bs Zoology 2022-2026 Since 2016, the fishing cat is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, as the global population is thought to have declined by around 30% in the years 2010–2015; the destruction of wetlands and killings by local people are major threats to the fishing cat.[1] The destruction of wetlands includes increased pollution or conversion for agricultural use and human settlements. The conversion of mangrove forests to commercial aquaculture ponds is a major threat in Andhra Pradesh, and in some places fishing cats are killed. Over-exploitation of local fish stocks and retaliatory killing by local people are also significant threats. The fishing cat is included on CITES Appendix II and protected by national legislation over most of its range. Hunting is prohibited in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Hunting regulations apply in Laos. In Bhutan, Malaysia, and Vietnam, it is not protected outside protected areas, and no information is known about its legal protections in Cambodia. It is the state animal of the Indian state of West Bengal. Its survival depends on protection of wetlands, prevention of indiscriminate trapping, snaring and poisoning. fishing cat The fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) is a medium-sized wild cat of South and Southeast Asia. It has a deep yellowish-grey fur with black lines and spots. Adults have a head-to-body length of 57 to 78 cm (22 to 31 in), with a 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in) long tail. Males are larger than females classification of fishing cat: Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Prionailurus Species: P. viverrinus Characteristics: The fishing cat has a deep yellowish-grey fur with black lines and spots. Two stripes are on the cheeks, and two are above the eyes running to the neck with broken lines on the forehead. It has two rows of spots around the throat. The spots on the shoulder are longitudinal, and those on the sides, limbs and tail are roundish Endangered in Pakistan: In captivity: Fishing cat captive breeding programmes have been established by the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and the American Association of Zoos and Aquariums. All the fishing cats kept in zoos around the world are listed in the International Studbook of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums.Zoos in Thailand house around 30 individuals; birth rates are not particularly high.They have been placed in captivity as an "insurance population" due to their vulnerable status in the wild Taxonomy Topic: fishing cat Submitted to: Dr Najiya Al-Arifa Behaviour and ecology Phylogeny: Distribution and habitat: The fishing cat lives among dense vegetation near water and is thought to be primarily nocturnal. It is known to be a proficient long-distance and underwater swimmer. Adult males and females without dependent young are solitary. Females have been reported to range over areas of 4 to 6 km2 (1.5 to 2.3 sq mi), while males range over 16 to 22 km2 (6.2 to 8.5 sq mi). It has been observed resting in thick grassy habitats, often near a water body but sometimes far away from them. Adults have been recorded to vocalise "chuckling" sounds The fishing cat is broadly but discontinuously distributed in South and Southeast Asia. It predominantly inhabits densely vegetated wetlands around slow-moving bodies of water like swamps and marshes.These include low-salinity bodies such as oxbow lakes, and high-salinity ones such as tidal creeks and mangrove forests. Along these bodies of water, it conceals itself within the thick cover of forests, scrublands, reed beds, and grasslands. Most records are from lowland areas. Reproduction and development: Wild fishing cats most likely mate during January and February; most kittens in the wild were observed in March and April. However, fishing cats may mate as late as June. In captivity, the gestation period lasts 63–70 days; females give birth to an average of two to three kittens; the litter size can be as small as one to as large as four.

Installing Company Corporate Templates

Transcript: Address Bar Looks like : Step 3 Step 2 Copy company.dotm file Copy all the "3" packages into the above created folder. (Company Corporate Templates ) C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\1033 Go To : Local Disk C: >> Program Files >> Microsoft Office >> Office12 >> STARTUP Create folder with " Company Corporate Templates " Step 5 Installing Company Corporate Templates on double clicking it in the above location Address Bar Looks like : Click on Install " LXA 119 604_R4A " A file opens as shown. Install the CompanyCapitalTT.ttf file ( available in LXA 119 603_R3A package) by double clicking on the above file C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\STARTUP Apart form company.dotm file Step 4 in Installation of Corporate Templates is done. Steps to Install Go To : Local Disk C: >> Program Files >> Microsoft Office >> Templates >> 1033 Step 1 NOTE :

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