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Coffee Beans

Transcript: From planting the seeds to the coffee plant, to the brewing of the coffee, there are many different processes to ensure the perfect cup. Each Coffee company has their own process in which their coffee is harvested but the common steps include: 1.Planting the Plant 2.Harvesting the cherries 3.Processing the cherries 4.Drying the beans 5.Milling the beans 6.Exporting the beans 7. Tasting the coffee 8.Roasting the coffee 9. and finally brewing (1)(2)(4) The Harvesting Process in Colombia An agent of change that would greatly effect the pesticide use in these countries to help create the most sustainable practice and way forward for coffee is an PAN. PAN is an organization that is set out to greatly reduce the amount of countries using harmful pesticides. They aim to do this by providing nets and other equipment to protect the plants from harmful bugs or animals, or even the lack of sunlight. This would greatly effect the countries producing coffee because as stated in the video before, rain fall and lack of light has been effecting areas like Colombia for a couple years, and need a solution like this to help them keep production up. These nets and equipment that PAN provides are very low-tech but they are extremely effective and very easy for anybody to repair. This would make it a very sustainable solution in the future, and could dramatically reduce the amount of pesticides being used around the world. (5) Coffee production and Distribution The most common use for coffee beans around the world is to make a delightful hot beverage called coffee. Coffee is a beverage most commonly made in wealthier countries as an energizer or for medical purposes. Coffee beans are sold to companies around the world as either already grounded up beans, or whole beans. Coffee can also be found in many fertilizers and other plant growth products. (2)(3) Coffee Beans Coffee is located in many parts of the world, it is harvested in the warmer areas of the southern hemisphere, and shipped to the wealthier countries in the north.(1) Coffee plants are only found in areas with and high temperatures to allow the plants to grow properly. Coffee plats are extremely fragile to climate change so they are typically found in areas with less change.(1) This is why the plants only grow in a specific area across the world. Many countries that grow coffee plants are often using large amounts of pesticides to preserve the plants. Colombia and Costa Rica are two of the largest producers of coffee, and are number 1 and 2 in the world for pesticide use. Coffee is a very fragile plant that is vulnerable to climate change so some sort of pesticide is needed to preserve the flavor of the bean, and make sure they grow properly, but large amounts of pesticides can be very harmful to other plants and animals. If we can do something to increase the stewardship of the environment in these areas, it would need to be the reduction of pesticides as much as possible so very minimal damage is being done to the surrounding environment. Are the Rich getting Richer and the Poor getting Poorer? Coffee is a product in which great amounts of stewardship is needed to supply a good batch of beans. In Colombia and Vietnam where most fine coffee's are made, the farmers go to great lengths to ensure the best quality for their company. Furthermore, farmers get payed based on the quality and quantity of their harvests so in order to get a large pay, they need to make sure that great management and care are put into every harvest. Consumers as well show great amounts of stewardship towards coffee. If the proper care isn't put into each pot of coffee, or the coffee is left out for too long, a large amount of flavor will be taken away from the cup. Companies such as Tim Horton's has even gone as far as making sure each bag of coffee being used is less then 2 weeks old, and each coffee pot is brewed within the hour of purchase. What are Coffee Beans Used for? Where is it Located Coffee plants are a wild plant that can be found in many different countries within the ``coffee bean-growing belt``, but is almost non existent outside of this belt. This makes a problem for coffee consumers in the northern hemisphere because this means that they will have to buy the coffee from the producing nations, in order to get coffee. It is for this reason that i believe that coffee is not a part of the global commons.(3) How is it Harvested? What can we do to increase the stewardship of the environment? Harvest Process Natural resources play huge role when it comes to our modern society. It has both played a positive role in the development of some nations, but has also corrupted many others. Humans have been attracted to areas around the world that has made development the easiest for them. Many years ago, settlers looked for areas with easy trade routs the largest abundance of resources, so they can make profit on trades internationally. This has caused many development problems for areas

Coffee beans

Transcript: Before drinking your daily dose of coffee Trade agreements Brazil, Canada, and the U.S. is apart of the free trade agreement and the WTO. As WTO members, the United States and Brazil agree to adhere to the General Agreement on Tarriffs and Trade (GATT) for goods; General Agreement in Trade in Services (GATS); Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right (TRIPS); and other agreements for specific sectors or issues. USA BRAZIL TRADE ^ People from Brazil in the coffee industry get paid lower than minimum wage and most are not even registered with the government by their employers. Farm workers in coffee not only work in unfair conditions but they risk their lives to bring food home to their families and to make sure we drink our cup of coffee everyday in the U.S. ATC reports, discrimination against and lack of support for pregnant woman working on coffee farms. According to the IBGE's (2009), 80% of the paid coffee workers are coffee pickers and other farm workers doing manual, physically intense labor. Exports-Imports Route of international trade Where does coffee come from? Purple-other exports to the U.S and Canada from Columbia Red-exports to the U.S. and Canada from Brazil Green-Exports to the countries from Brazil Coffee beans A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant, the source for coffee, and a natural resource. It is the pit inside the red pr purple fruit often referred to as a cherry. Most of the worlds premium gourmet coffee is frown by around 35 countries. Brazil is one of the largest export for coffee. For instance, in Brazil alone, where almost a third of all the world's coffee is produced, over 5 million people are employed in the cultivated and harvesting of over 3 billion coffee plants. The United States and Canada are two big imports of coffee from Brazil. Sao Paulo, Brazil is were they exports their coffee beans. How much Brazil produces a year (lbs) 2000- 2,383,143,388 2001- 3,065,195,335 2002- 3,701,363,707 2004- 3,502,502,690 From Brazil to the USA From Brazil to Canada 2009- $775,554,997 2009- $59,796,303 2010- $2,227,758,111 2010- $83,569,303 2011- $1,895,789,794 2011- $127,662,924 2012- $1,137,435,823 2012- $102,161,125 2013- $981,571,777 2013- $87,769,116 Population The work behind the coffee Think about the labor that had to have been done to make your coffee and encourage others to look more into the labor behind coffee beans and make a change! Coffee Beans By:Lindy Nelson

Coffee Beans

Transcript: The unethical way of transporting means that the workers aren't treated with respect, are used as slaves and are not working in safe conditions or wearing protective gear.(gloves, masks etc.) VIDEO!! http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/diet-nutrition/a30303/facts-about-coffee/ Cftn.ca Export lines of credit are given to the producers. Up to 60% of the purchased price could be financed to producers. -Drinking coffee can help you burn fat Hundreds of thousands of farmers from the rainforest of Peru to the steep slopes of Kilimanjaro were forced out of their business Producers have to carry heavy containers of coffee beans home Thanks For Watching and Listening! - Coffee is actually a fruit Fair trade standards always allow coffee beans to be sold so the market is balanced http://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2011/feb/28/coffee-chains-ethical - The majority of coffee is produced in Brazil - The largest coffee producers are in developing countries such as Brazil, Vietnam, Burundi, Colombia, Indonesia and Mexico. Globalexchange.org - Columbia and Vietnam produce the second highest amount of coffee Child labor is also a big part in unethical transporting. Unethical Way of Transporting Coffee Beans to Canada Ethical Way of Transporting Coffee Beans to Canada Working conditions for coffee beans producers are harsh as they have to take shelter in temporary locations Fun Facts Facts about Coffee Beans Producers have to pick up 100 pounds of coffee beans in order to get $3 US Environmental standards restricts the use of agrochemicals such as pesticides and encourage sustainability Fair trade standards encourage fairer negotiations, fix prices and reduce speculation. We hope you enjoyed our presentation about coffee beans! - Coffee drinkers have a lower risk of alzheimers disease References Coffee beans by: Afeni, Zakir, Muhammad, Neel and Harshit To "ethically" transport something there need to be some circumstances like the workers would have to work in safe conditions, have their own will and be treated like helpers and not slaves. Coffee Beans -Caffeine is actually crystals -Coffee can help you live a longer and healthier life as coffee contains lots of antioxidants that help the body fight chemicals called free radicals. Coffee drinkers are at a lower risk of diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Heart Disease.

Coffee Beans

Transcript: Coffee is one of the most valuable products for its benefits towards global trade and the economies of developing countries. An estimated $17 billion is created by the production and the imports between countries every year. There is also more than 25 million people employed in the coffee industry. •Payments against letter of credits •Payment net cash against documents (NCAD or CAD) on first presentation •Payments against document in trust •Payment net cash against documents upon arrival •Futures Contracts PRICE Terms of Payments The beans are packaged in bags and are ready to be exported. Top Coffee Producers Interesting facts Made by Zaira, Brenda, Lauren and Sara Conditions: SEVERAL ADVANTAGES Top Importers Cargo handling Discharging bulk cargo from a bulk body (Hamburg) Harvesting Dry method Right Advantages: Prices shall relate to: Processing the Cherries 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world every day 90% of coffee production takes place in developing countries 25 million small producers rely on coffee for a living (a) ex-dock quotations for prompt shipment in the physicals market (b) trading in the late afternoon (c) sales from origin Shipped in 20 foot and 40 foot ‘dry containers’ 2 types of containers: The distribution of the top ten producers of coffee are primarily located near the equator. This is due to the country's warm climate which is required for growing the best coffee beans. Brazil is the highest producer of coffee as it makes 20 millions bags per year, followed by countries surrounding it and parts of Southeast Asia and Central Africa. The beans are sorted according to size and density it gives a different taste Container transport References Shippers save on the cost of bags 21-24 tons per bulk (17% over the bagged coffee) Time and labour savings Coffee in bulk arrives in a better condition than coffee in bags (air) No baggy smell, no weight losses due to handling Means of transport : ship, truck, railroad. General cargo. Container transport. Wrong Disadvantages: ..is the second most popular beverage in the world (after water). This world wide beverage has caused a 'coffee culture' in many countries and can be served in numerous ways. It's caffeine and sugar content is known to keep the body awake and more alert. PRODUCT It takes approximately 3 to 5 years before a coffee tree bears coffee cherries which turns bright red when it is ripe and to be ready. Coffee... Fairtrade International, 2014. Coffee. [Online] Available at: http://www.fairtrade.net/coffee.html [Accessed 25 June 2014]. Interrnational Coffee Organization, 2013. Historical Data. [Online] Available at: http://www.ico.org/new_historical.asp?section=Statistics [Accessed 24 June 2014]. Leslie, P., 2014. Starbucks Raises Prices as Arabica Coffee Costs Increase. [Online] Available at: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-20/starbucks-raises-prices-as-arabica-coffee-costs-increase.html [Accessed 24 June 2014]. National Coffee Association USA, 2013. Coffee from Around the World. [Online] Available at: http://www.ncausa.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=75 [Accessed 21 June 2014]. National Coffee Association USA, 2013. Ten Steps to Coffee. [Online] Available at: http://www.ncausa.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=69 [Accessed 21 June 2014]. Robinson, P., 2012. Small Farmers. Big Change.. [Online] Available at: http://smallfarmersbigchange.coop/2012/06/12/brazilian-fair-trade-producer-organizations-come-out-against-fair-trade-usas-fair-trade-for-all-initiative/ [Accessed 24 June 2014]. The top importers/consumers of coffee are mainly located in the northern hemispheres such as Germany and the United States, followed by Canada, Japan, Spain, Belgium and Italy. The import coming from these countries are worth over $1000-2000 million a year. The top importers of coffee are consists of developed nations which tend to have a large coffee culture. Ventilation channels largely blocked Greater distance to hot roof Easier to cover top with cardboard Fewer bags touching walls average weighted price: 104.70 USD per pound TRANSPORTATION Sorting Exporting the Beans Wet method SUPPLIERS Ventilation channels are opened High loading weights Most bags touch walls 2. Ventilated containers ("coffee containers") 1. Standard containers Stowed below the deck

coffee beans

Transcript: The Coffee Crisis Overview Coffee crisis The world's coffee industry is in a crisis. In May, coffee prices fell to their lowest point in over ten years. This is due to the surplus of coffee produced in Brazil which is resulting with millions of kilograms of coffee beans entering the market. Therefore, the prices are lowered in order to sell the extra produce. In 2019 the average US coffee drinker spends around $5.00 (£4.00) on a latte. However,as of mid July, market prices have crept up to around $1.00 - but it's still the lowest price the industry has seen in 10 years. In recent years, consumers in the UK and the US have seen the price of a latte rise even though farmers see less than 2% of those profits. Statistics consumers Benefits for Consumers More coffee being grown will lead to the price of coffee falling. This will harm the lives of people who earn their wages growing coffee however, this will benefit the consumer. It will mean that businesses selling coffee will be able to sell their coffee for far cheaper prices, allowing more people who are on lower incomes and may not have been able to buy coffee previously to purchase it. This will mean that with an increase in the demand for coffee more people will need to be employed to sell it, causing less unemployment. This will give people a far higher standard of living allowing them to buy more wants and not just need and even more people having the money to buy coffee this means that businesses will have to buy even more coffee however, as this continues coffee may eventually become so high in demand that there won't be enough of it to supply everyone who wants it as it's a scarce resource. This will lead to there then becoming a scarcity of coffee so coffee prices will rise again, giving those who grow coffee more money for their coffee beans and some people who were originally selling coffee may lose their jobs resulting in less people being able to frequently buy coffee. Consumers drinking more coffee will lead to them spending a higher amount of their income on coffee due to VAT. With more people buying coffee the government may also end up putting further taxes on items containing coffee as with so many people buying coffee they will be able to generate far more revenue, therefore coffee will then take more of consumer's income. This could also lead to less consumers being able to afford to buy coffee due to its price rise or consumers possibly buying it anyway resulting in the possible decline of some industries as their products will be being bought less or the consumer not having some wants or needs. Costs to Consumers Farmers Farmers Although lower prices benefit consumers, farmers don't necessarily benefit from them as well. Globally over 2 million families make a living from coffee alone. Due to the reduction of prices in 2018 - 2019 the farmers receive a lower income. While the world coffee industry sees revenue over $200 billion each year, only $20 billion reaches producing countries and ultimately,less that 10% of that reaches growers. A decrease in income causes the farmer's living standards to decrease further. As a result, it can lead to a decrease in health and therefore an increase in spending on healthcare. A decrease in health can lead to many members of the workforce being forced to leave their jobs. As a result of this, the output from the country decreases and therefore the economic growth becomes negative. income and health income and health Due to the lack of income that they are receiving, the farmers may become unmotivated to work. " if farmers are discouraged today and they are not planting,not taking care of their trees... that bodes very ill for the future,since the demand is increasing about 2% each year" That is 3 m more bags that we need each year to satisfy demand. This cannot be achieved if farmers are becoming unmotivated to work. Furthermore farmers may abandon coffee growing and move in to a different industry. further affects on farmers further affects on workers Solutions Solutions The ICO and other industry organisations believe that high end coffee companies should directly source coffee beans from ' vulnerable ' farmers and spend money on improving living conditions to increase sustainability and keep farmers working. They are working on changes like improving smaller farms and reducing the energy use and carbon footprint by adopting environmentally smart agriculture. - small scale coffee plantation may shut down due to a lack of demand (cyclical unemployment) - factory workers may become redundant because they are no longer needed to work to keep up with demand - people who transport the coffee beans may not be able to work as much due to lower demand for coffee effects on economics objectives unemployment The Brazilian economy will still grow but at a lower rate as the output of the country may decrease due to a lack of demand Economic growth economic growth Positives: - lower carbon footprint due less

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