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MED 5305 Chapter 3

Transcript: Confounding definition Breadth of coverage: Macro-level explain large aggregates (i.e. cultural systems) meso-level link macro and micro levels (i.e. organizations) micro-level provide explanations limited to small slices of time, space or numbers of people According to Dr. Boring... Remember, the objective is to test/verify a theory, not to develop it. Forms of Theories Deductive Approach Typically Used in Quantitative Research Researcher tests/verifies a theory Researcher tests hypotheses or research questions from the theory Researcher defines and operationalizes variables derived from the theory Researcher measures or observes variables using an instrument to obtain scores Writing a Quantitative Theoretical Perspective 1. Look in the discipline-based literature for a theory. 2. Examine prior studies that address the topic 3. Ask yourself, why would the independent 4. Script out the theory section. Follow these lead sentences: "The theory that I will use is ______. It was developed by ______, and it was used to study ______. This theory indicates that ______. As applied to my study, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variable(s) ______ to influence or explain the dependent variable(s) _______ because _______. Inductive Logic of Research in a Qualitative Study Researcher gathers information (i.e. interviews and observations) Researcher asks open-ended questions of participants or records fieldnotes Researcher analyzes data to form themes or categories Researcher looks for broad patterns, generalizations or theories from themes or categories Researcher poses generalizations or theories from past experiences or literature The theory is the end point, most of the time. Creswell's Research Tips: Guidelines: depend on the independent variables; the outcomes/results Dependent Topics to be included in theory discussion: then theory occurs in the opening passages. i.e. How does this chapter tie into the mini-project? + - theory to be used - central hypotheses or propositions - information about past use of theory and its application - statements that reflect how it relates to the proposed study 1 Independent Intervening/Mediating Use of Theory If the study has a cultural theme or theoretical lens, Measured Assessed on a scale mediate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable Sources for presentation... Independent Placement series of hypotheses argument, discussion or rationale that helps to explain phenomena that occur explains how and why variables are related may be broad or narrow in scope can be stated several ways Such as... value-based, action-oriented research of theory in research paper or a closely related topic. Quantitative 1. answer a research question 2. make predictions about the expected results 1. Determine if theory is to be used. 2. Identify its use in accord with quantitative or qualitative approaches. 3. If theory is used in transformational strategy, define the strategy and discuss points in the proposed study. Control How theory is used affects its placement. For example, to study a group or organization, look in the sociological literature. 2 See page #58 in Research Design. then theory (model) is presented at the end of the study for contrasts to be made. + advocacy perspective that shapes the types of questions; informs how data are collected, analyzed and provides a call for action Moderating Variables Moderating = Confounding TIP: Limit the number of theories and try to identify ONE overarching theory that explains the hypothesis or major research question. not actually measured or observed; influence cannot by directly detected theoretical lens or perspective Intervening/Mediating depend on the independent variables; the outcomes/results Chapter 3: The Use of Theory in theory theory is a 3. Locate the theory in the proposal in a manner consistent with its use. Up-front explanation, an end point or as an advocacy lens in theory 1. temporal order (chronological order) 2. measurement (observation) http://www.mendeley.com/research/research-methods-education-introduction-8th-edition/ 1. Decide if theory is to be used in the qualitative proposal. 2. If it is, identify how theory will be used in the study. new variables constructed by multiplying one variable by another to determine joint impact or visual models new variables constructed by multiplying one variable by another to determine joint impact theoretical lens or perspective to guide the study + not actually measured or observed; influence cannot by directly detected (probably) cause, influence or affect outcomes special type of independent variable that is measured because of potential influence Characteristics of variables: Variables mediate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable transformative design Mixed Methods Locating the Theory Use of Theory

Medical PowerPoint Template

Transcript: Medical PowerPoint Template Design Elements Color Schemes for Medical Presentations Font Selection for Readability Color schemes significantly affect audience understanding and retention. In medical presentations, using blue and green hues promotes calmness and trust, while contrasting colors can highlight key information and enhance visibility. Choosing the right font is crucial for comprehension. Sans-serif fonts like Arial or Helvetica are recommended as they are easier to read on screens. Always ensure that text is large enough to be legible from a distance. Incorporating Graphics and Images Layout and Structure Incorporating relevant graphics can enhance understanding and retention of complex ideas. Use high-quality images, charts, or diagrams that directly relate to the content to support the narrative without overcrowding the slide. A well-structured layout guides the audience’s eye and improves information flow. Utilize a grid system to maintain alignment and consistency, making sure to reserve space for visual elements. Balance text with images to avoid clutter. A Blank Canvas for Your Data Presentation Tips Best Practices for Delivery Content Organization in Medical Presentations Engaging Your Audience Practicing your presentation can lead to smoother delivery and reduced anxiety. Utilize appropriate body language, voice modulation, and eye contact to foster a connection with the audience, making your message more impactful. Audience engagement is critical for effective communication. Techniques include asking rhetorical questions, using relatable examples, and incorporating multimedia elements to maintain interest and encourage participation. Title Slides and Headings Introduction to Medical Presentations Title slides set the stage for your presentation and should include the topic, your name, and the date. Headings throughout the presentation guide the audience through the narrative and facilitate smooth transitions between topics, ensuring clarity and focus on key messages. Bullet Points vs. Paragraphs Handling Questions and Feedback Bullet points provide concise and digestible pieces of information, making it easier for the audience to follow along. In contrast, paragraphs may be necessary for complex concepts but should be used sparingly to maintain attention and avoid overwhelming the viewer. Practicing and Timing Your Presentation Using Tables and Charts Tables and charts effectively present quantitative data, making complex information more approachable. They facilitate quick understanding of trends and relationships within data, enhancing the audience’s ability to interpret clinical findings or statistical results. Rehearse your presentation multiple times to refine your delivery and timing. Understanding how long each section takes helps ensure that you cover all material without rushing or exceeding your allotted time. Encourage questions to create a dialogue with your audience. Responding thoughtfully to feedback shows respect for their input and enhances clarity for everyone involved, improving overall comprehension. Citing Sources and References Importance of Visual Aids Citing sources is crucial in maintaining credibility and allowing the audience to explore further. Proper referencing not only attributes the original work but also strengthens arguments presented in the medical content, supporting evidence-based practice. Visual aids play a crucial role in medical presentations by simplifying complex information. They help audiences grasp essential concepts quickly, improving retention and engagement through the use of charts, images, and videos. Overview of PowerPoint Features PowerPoint offers various features to enhance medical presentations, including templates specifically designed for medical content, the ability to incorporate multimedia, and options for animations that can illustrate processes or changes over time. Objectives of the Medical Template The medical PowerPoint template serves to streamline the creation of presentations by providing a standardized format. This ensures consistency in design and aids users in organizing their data effectively for clarity and impact.

PowerPoint Portrayal Template

Transcript: PowerPoint Portrayal Template Mastering Delivery Techniques Enhancing Content Engaging Your Audience Presentation Skills Engagement strategies include asking questions, encouraging participation, and incorporating relevant anecdotes. Active engagement fosters curiosity, making the audience feel involved and invested in the presentation's outcomes. Strong presentation skills encompass clarity of speech, body language, and vocal variety. Practicing these skills helps to build confidence and ensures the message is delivered effectively, encouraging audience retention and understanding. Visual Aids: Images and Graphs Handling Questions and Feedback Crafting Effective Visual Presentations Timing and Pacing Use high-quality images and graphs to complement your data and enhance understanding. Visual aids can illustrate complex concepts more clearly and capture the audience's attention, resulting in better retention of information. Effective presentations balance thoroughness with brevity, maintaining audience attention throughout. Mastering timing and pacing enhances comprehension, ensuring that key messages are communicated without rushing or dragging. Anticipating questions showcases knowledge and prepares for an interactive session. Managing feedback graciously encourages dialogue and reflects openness to diverse perspectives, reinforcing rapport with the audience. Importance of White Space Effective Use of Text Incorporating white space enhances visual clarity and reduces clutter, allowing the audience to focus on key elements of the slide. Effective use of white space can lead to a more professional and appealing presentation layout. Limit the amount of text on slides to focus on key points. Utilize bullet points for clarity and avoid long paragraphs, allowing for easier reading and comprehension during the presentation. Storytelling Techniques Utilize storytelling techniques to make the presentation relatable and engaging. Incorporate anecdotes, case studies, or relatable experiences to evoke emotions and foster a connection with the audience. Introduction to PowerPoint Importance of Visual Presentations Visual presentations are crucial as they increase retention rates by up to 65%. Effectively combining visuals with verbal communication caters to diverse learning styles, making it easier for audiences to grasp complex information swiftly. Conclusion and Best Practices Goals of Effective Presentation The primary goals of an effective presentation include clarity, engagement, and persuasion. A well-crafted presentation supports the speaker's message, stirs audience interest, and prompts desired actions or insights, making the content memorable. Overview of PowerPoint Features PowerPoint integrates features such as slide templates, animation, and multimedia support. These tools allow users to create dynamic presentations, engaging their audience visually and auditory, resulting in a more impactful delivery of content. Recap of Key Points Design Principles Effective presentations hinge on design consistency, thoughtful content enhancement, and strong delivery techniques. Recapping objectives, using visual aids, and engaging the audience are foundational elements that ensure information retention and impact. Color Theory and Usage Consistency in Design Color theory is crucial in presentation design as it influences emotions and perceptions. Choosing the right colors can enhance readability, evoke feelings, and strengthen brand identity through consistent color application. Consistency in design creates a cohesive look throughout the presentation. Utilizing the same color palette, fonts, and layout styles helps reinforce branding and ensures the audience remains focused on the message rather than design changes. Common Pitfalls to Avoid Continuous Improvement in Presentations Font Selection and Typography Layout and Composition Font selection impacts readability and audience reception. A clear sans-serif font often works best for slides, while varied font sizes can help emphasize key points and guide viewers through the content logically. Effective layout and composition guide the viewer's eye and improve information retention. Utilizing rule-of-thirds, alignment, and strategic white space enhances clarity, ensuring that essential content stands out without overwhelming the audience. Regular feedback and practice are vital for honing presentation skills. Analyzing past presentations, incorporating audience feedback, and embracing new technologies contribute to ongoing enhancement and confidence. Avoid overcrowding slides with text and neglecting audience engagement methods. Failing to practice, mismanaging time, and using ineffective visuals can derail a presentation, compromising clarity and audience connection. Resources for Further Learning Utilize online courses, workshops, and books focused on presentation skills for deeper knowledge. Websites such as LinkedIn Learning and platforms like TED offer valuable

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