Anemia
Transcript: Patient history/family history. Referral to nutritionist/dietician to ensure nutritional needs are met. Suggest small frequent meals with snacks throughout day to increase dietary intake. Encourage use of food diary. Monitor and record intake of protein, iron and vitamin C. Vitamin C helps the body to absorb iron. Continual assessments of client's nutritional intake and drug therapies. Dietary and drug therapy are emphasized 2-3 months for hemoglobin levels to return to normal. Drug therapies are cobalamin (B12). Clients with lifelong iron supplementation should be monitored for potential liver problems related to iron storage. Acute Interventions: blood/blood product transfusions, drug therapy, volume replacement and O2 therapy to stabilize condition. By: Nicole, Leila, Rio, Jorge and Zoe 3) Encourage patient to participate in activities that are within their tolerance level. Altered nutrition is a nursing diagnosis for someone who has Anemia, and therefore, collaboration with a dietitian may occur. The role of the dietitian is to determine what type of nutrients and how many calories are needed to meet the client’s nutritional requirements. A dietitian may also need to teach the client how to use a food diary to help record and evaluate their nutritional intake, as well as monitor and record intake of vitamin C, protein, and iron to provide the nutrients that are necessary to prevent hematopoiesis. 2) It is possible that iron supplements or monthly B12 injections may be needed to increase blood levels. Educate patient on these treatments, including their possible benefits and side effects. Diagnostic Study Nursing Management Hematologist Psychological/Emotional Implementation: Although Anemia can have many physical effects on the body, it is mainly the symptoms that affect the other holistic dimensions in individuals' lives. Correcting the cause of Anemia is the ultimate goal. difficulty concentrating feeling drained depression loneliness due to decreased activity participation mood swings affects families emotionally; feelings of helplessness, stress and concern 1) Review nutritional intake. Plan for 5-6 small meals daily including red meats (vegetarians can focus on tofu and lentils, although red meats are more easily absorbed by the body), eggs, green vegetables, and dried fruits (raisins). Including Vitamin C will assist with better absorption of Iron, while coffee and tea inhibit absorption. Educate on the importance of proper nutrition. Pernicious Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when one's intestines can not properly absorb Vitamin B12. Iron Deficiency Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells, meaning that iron is lacking. Iron is a building block for red blood cells. This is the most common type of Anemia. Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia occurs when one's body does not have enough Folic Acid. Folic Acid is one of the Vitamin B's, which helps the body to make new cells, including new red blood cells. Bone Marrow Biopsy: The removal of soft tissue (marrow) from the inside of bone. It is usually taken from the hip bone. The nurse's responsibility is to take a health history, possible allergies, and educate client on procedure. Interprofessional Collaboration -gastric polyps which can develop into gastric cancer and gastric carcinoid tumors -residual neurological symptoms (ex. loss of position and vibration sense, memory loss, ataxia, anorexia, spasticity) -parasthesias of feet and fingers -enlarged liver that can lead to right sided heart failure -difficulty walking The hematologist will review and analyze blood samples, such as a CBC, for the progress or stage of an anemic patient. Severe Cases of Pernicious: fatigue, weakness, lightheaded, pallor complexion, heart palpitations, dizziness, fainting, include vital signs Folic Acid Signs and Symptoms Severe Cases of Folic Acid: Physical: fatigue, decreased activity tolerance, increased cancer risk, weakness, increased susceptibility to infections, supplements leading to constipation fatigue or lack of energy dizziness or light-headedness (especially when standing or with activity) headaches problems concentrating shortness of breath tingling sensations in extremities pale skin rapid heart rates, heart murmor constipation chest pain Iron (ferrous fumarate, glucomate, sulfate) Decreased activity tolerance due to weakness and fatigue. Abnormal hemoglobin levels due to lack of nutrients required for red blood cell production. Knowledge deficit of nutrient rich foods. Dietician Hindu, 7th Day Adventist and Buddhist religious beliefs may hinder iron intake (red meat) decreased spirituality enthusiasm Naturopath Were the goals met. If not, re-evaluate the methods used to see if changes need to be made to the care plan. Long Term Effects Assessment: In an anemic patient, the Naturopath will provide alternative means of treatment through herbals, diet changes, and cleaning and detoxing the body. Some